Middle Ages Study Guide Flashcards
When/how was the Roman Empire founded
509 BCE by Etruscan and Latin people
Why was the Roman Empire great
Lots of roads, buildings etc. for organization and lots of art and architecture
Pax Romana
Flourishing trade and peace, stable government, created balance
When did Rome fall and how
476 CE, social unrest, poor harvest, lack of trust, lots of taxes, enemies attacked at weakest point
What held on after Rome fell
Christainity
How did barbarians fight
Merciless, no organization, shields, swords and spears
What were Barbarian’s lifestyles like
In small groups, Roman lifestyle, would not change from worshiping nature gods
What were Barbarians physical features
Long hair, smelly, functional dress
Who was living in Europe during early Europe
Germanic tribe
Who was Charles Martel and why was Battle of Tours important
Slowed Islams spread at Battle of Tours, allowed Christianity to grow
Who is Charlemagne what 3 things did he do?
Spread Christianity by force, created organized government, Carolingian Renaissance
What was the Carolingian Renaissance
Added more education and learning
What happened at the Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne in 800?
Pope Leo crowned him, successor of Roman Empire, the greatest thought he was good for the job
How was Europe after Charlemange’s death and what did the Treaty for Verdun do
Everything went downhill, Europe became weak, and divided Europe into 3 kingdoms
What was Christianity’s message
Love god and everyone, Jesus died for your sins, confess when you mess up
Why was Christianity popular/why did people join
People were welcomed regardless of rank or anything else and it gave hope to people
How were Christians treated during the Roman Empire
Killed, exiled, imprisoned, not seen as honoring Roman gods
Explain Constantine conversation
Prayed before battle to god, won battle, allowed for Christianity to be practiced
Why did it take long for Christianity to be adopted by Germanic people
hard to go from many gods to one, just added god to others, few priests to spread the word
What did Pope Gregory do to promote adoption of Christianity
Redirected Roman temples to churches, changed Roman holidays to Christian
Church hierarchy
Pope, cardinals, archbishops, bishops, priests
Where were vikings from and when were they most active
Scandinavia, 8th-11th century (700-1000)
Why was longship the most important technology
Long ships could sail in low water adn held lots of people
Where did vikings raid and why
Monastries, unarmed, believe in no harm
What is feudalism and why was it adopted
System of government where lords exchanges things with peasants to create a safe area for all
Recap the feudal ceremony and what is important about it
Lifelong bond, take care of each other, loyalty, in sickness and health, like a wedding ceremony
How did feudal relationships work
local lords exchange military service for a land grant
What is manorialism
Ecenomic system, peasants exchange adn labor for safety, about safety adn protection
Difference between feudalism and manorialism
Feudalism is social structure, manorialism is an economic structure with land
Describe peasants of medieval world
Hard work, poor diet, sunday off, didn’t leave manor, sunset to sunrise, small nut, shared with animals
Describe lords of medieval world
Larger quarters, better diet, still dirty, deals with disputes, collects taxes
What was progression of education for a knight
With family from 0-7
Page from 7-14 - education
Squire from 14-21 - physical training/knight in training
Knight from 21+ - full-fledged knight
What is chivalry
FIgth for 3 lords (feudal lord, god, and your wife), protects ALL equally, loyal, brave, and courageous
How were women viewed and treated
Delicate people who needed lots of protection
What were tournaments like
Recreation and combat training, two knights charged at each other, big event for lords and ladies to enjoy, fierce, bloody, dangerous
Basic architecture and purpose of castles
protection and military defense, 3 hard layers to get through, high walls, very hard to get to main part of the castle
Activities and life of the castle
Eating, games, entertainment, lots of staff on hand, boys learned how to be knights, girls learned how to be caring
What is seige weaponry
Created wooden things to take over the castle from a distance away from shooting range
What are monastries and who is St. Benedict
Places were very nice, monks lived and worked there, St. Benedict created rules for monks to live by
What are DOOM paintings
paintings of hell, showed people what hell was like, devils were torturing for life
