Middle Ages (Period 3) Flashcards
What is Papal primacy?
Claim that bishop of Rome (Pope) was ultimate authority of Christian church
What time period is referred to as the Medieval era?
The Dark ages, Middle Ages, 500-1500
Define Monasticism.
A system of monasteries and covenants in which Christians withdrew from the world to lead a life of prayer, fasting, and self-denial
Who are vassals?
Lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord in a military capacity
What are knights?
Warriors who swore allegiance to a noble or to a king, and in return for their loyalty, they were given land grants; lived according to the code of chivalry
Define serfs.
An agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord
What are manors?
Large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land
Who was Clovis?
5th century Frankish leader of a large kingdom who converted to Christianity
What was Charles Martel known for?
8th century Frankish leader who led armies that stopped the Muslims from advancing into France during the Battle of Tours
Who was Charlemagne?
“Charles the Great” leader of the Franks (France); unified most of the Christian lands of Europe with the help of Pope Leo III who crowned him “Holy Roman Emperor” 800 c.e.
What significant event did Pope Leo III perform?
Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, 800
Who was Pope Urban II?
Pope who called for the first Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims
Who was Richard the Lion-Hearted?
English king, leader of the Third Crusade, agreed to a truce with Saladin
Who was Saladin?
The leader of the Muslims in the third crusade and captured Jerusalem in 1187
Define feudalism.
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
What is manorialism?
Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land
What is the Code of Chivalry?
A code of behavior that governed the aspect of all knights’ behavior
What was the Hanseatic League?
An organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance
Define Romanesque architecture.
Style of church architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows
What characterizes Gothic architecture?
A style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires
