Middle Ages in Western Europe Flashcards
What is the North Atlantic Drift?
a continuation of the Gulf Stream across the Atlantic Ocean and along the coast of northwestern Europe, where it has a significant warming effect on the climate.
What is a monastery?
a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.
Who was Charlemagne?
first emperor of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire. united western Europe and central Europe, one Christian empire. Brought feudalism to Europe.
What was the Holy Roman Empire?
also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
What is Feudalism?
the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
What is Manorialism?
manorialism, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.
What was The Battle of Hastings/William The Conqueror?
At the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066, King Harold II of England was defeated by the invading Norman forces of William the Conqueror. By the end of the bloody, all-day battle, Harold was dead and his forces were destroyed. First French king of England.
What is Papacy?
the office of the pope
What is a Monarch?
a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor
What is the Magna Carta?
a document establishing Kings are not above the law
What were The Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over holy sites in the Middle East from the 11th to the 13th centuries.
Who was Pope Urban II?
the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening the Council of Clermont which ignited the series of Christian conquests known as the Crusades.
Who was Saladin?
the Muslim sultan of Egypt and Syria who famously defeated a massive army of Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and captured the city of Jerusalem in 1187.
What was The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)?
pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. Killed many people.
Who was Richard I?
Richard was a king of England, later known as the ‘Lion Heart’, and famous for his exploits in the Third Crusade, although during his 10-year reign he spent only six months in England.
