Middle Ages in Western Europe

Question 1

North Atlantic Drift

Answer 1

the warm water of the Gulf Stream feed into an ocean current know as the North Atlantic Drift.

Question 2

Monastery

Answer 2

In Monasteries monks lived apart from the world, but at the same time performed good deeds and modeled how Christans should live.

Question 3

Charlemagne

Answer 3

The son of Pepin how was renamed Charlemagne. He came to Rome and defended the pope against unruly Roman nobles.

Question 4

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 4

lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting.

Question 5

Feudalism

Answer 5

the dominant social system in medieval Europe

Question 6

Manorialism

Answer 6

Political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were tied to their land and their lord through serfdom

Question 7

The Battle of Hastings/William The Conqueror

Answer 7

To stop panic spreading and rally his troops, William rode out in front of them, raising his helmet to show his face and shouting: ‘Look at me! I live, and with God’s help I shall conquer! ‘

Question 8

Papacy

Answer 8

the office or authority of the Pope.

Question 9

Monarch

Answer 9

a sovereign head of state, a king, queen, or emperor, who rules usually by hereditary right

Question 10

Magna Carta

Answer 10

the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law

Question 11

The Crusades

Answer 11

The objectives of the Crusades were to spread Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land,

Question 12

Pope Urban II

Answer 12

developed ecclesiastical reforms begun by Pope Gregory VII, launched the Crusade movement, and strengthened the papacy as a political entity

Question 13

Saladin

Answer 13

He conquered Jerusalem in 1187 from the Christian Crusaders who were in control for the previous several decades. He also conquered most of the territory in the Holy Land that had been taken during the First Crusade.

Question 14

Richard I

Answer 14

important Christian commander during the Third Crusade

Question 15

The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

Answer 15

a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. One of the most fatal pandemics in human history, as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe’s 14th century population. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas.

Question 16

The Hundred Years War

Answer 16

The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a series of conflicts fought between England and France over succession to the French throne.

Question 17

Joan of Arc

Answer 17

led the French army in a momentous victory at Orléans in 1429

Question 18

Henry V

Answer 18

outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years’ War against France made England one of the strongest military powers in Europe

Question 19

Reconquista

Answer 19

The Reconquista was a series of wars in Portugal and Spain to reclaim land taken by the Muslims.

Question 20

Queen Isabella

Answer 20

unified Spain through her marriage to Ferdinand II of Aragon, and she financed the expedition of Christopher Columbus, leading to the discovery of the Americas.

Question 21

King Ferdinand

Answer 21

Introduced the Spanish Inquisition to Spain and funded Christopher Columbuses voyages to the Americas

Question 22

Inquisition

Answer 22

secret procedures, the use of torture during interrogation, and the complete lack of rights for the accused.

Question 23

Iberian Peninsula

Answer 23

A peninsula in Western Europe that holds current Spain and Portugal