Middle Ages Flashcards
1
Q
Early WESTERN Churches
A
- basilica: it was suitable for public gatherings, and a symbolic connotations
- public circulation through an axis served to focus attention to the alter
2
Q
Basilica of Saint-Peter
A
- built in 4th c. AD, in Rome
- the location was believed to be where Saint-Peter was buried.
- use bracings to support the loads of the high columns with heavy walls. The snow load was transferred parallely and perpendicularly to the roof
- it was the 1st basilica and the alter was not oriented eastward where Jesus was born.
3
Q
Santa-Sabina
A
- 5th c. AD, in Rome
- Modest ornamentation
- Western church
- Example of basilical plan once Christianity was established.
- First depiction of crucifixion
4
Q
Early EASTERN Church
A
- Type of central plan with a dome covering occupied space
- derived from tombs and heroas, a building to commemorate a deceased person
- the form was used to mark the place of suffering and martyria
- also used for baptiseries
5
Q
Church of the Nativity
A
- 4th c. AD, in Jerusalem
- under Constantine
- consisted of an atrium and basilica
- instead of a transept and an apse, it has a large domed octagon
6
Q
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
A
- 4th c. AD, in Jerusalem
- under Constantine
- it was built to cover the site of Christ’s death, burial, and resurrection
- had a compact atrium court, a nave and aisles
- had an apse, where pieces of the cross were found
- had a large atrium court with a cone shaped rock, containing the tomb
7
Q
Hagia Sophia
A
- 6th c. AD, in Constantinople
- double shell building
- brickwork and stone reinforcement
- dome on pendentives
- central plan with an axis
8
Q
San Vitale
A
-6th c. AD, in Ravenna
9
Q
Palace of Charlemagne
A
- 7th c., in Aachen
- the octogonal central space is braced back to the outer wall with series of relieving arches that compartmentalize the space.
10
Q
Domestic Architecture in the Middle Ages
A
- Wood-framed manor houses
2. Castles: Baily and Mote castles
11
Q
Monte Cassino
A
- A monastery in Central Italy, 6th c. AD
12
Q
Monasteries
A
- Provided a stabilizing influence in the West
- They come to function as the political, cultural and agricultural centre of their surrounding regions
13
Q
Saint-Gall
A
- A monastery in Switzerland, 9th c. AD
- During the reign of Charlemagne
- Oldest floor plans to survive from the Middle Ages
- Represents the ideal scheme
- The main building is a large church filled with altars
- a dormitory close to the church
14
Q
Monastery of Cluny III
A
- in France, 11th c.
- By Abby Hugh
- Architect: Gunzo
15
Q
ROMANESQUE churches
A
- Massive buildings with small windows due to the memory of invasions ans uncertainty
- Roman ruins served as models
16
Q
Examples of Romanesque churches
A
- Saint-Michael in Hildesheim, Germany, 10th c.
- Sainte-Foy, in Conques, 11th c. (A Romanesque Pilgrimage church)
- Saint-Sernin, in Toulouse, 11th c. (A Romanesque Pilgrimage church)
- Saint-Philibert de Tournus, 11th c.
- Durham Cathedral, in Durham, 11th c.
17
Q
Transfer of Loads in Romanesque churches
A
OUTWARD THRUST:
- Loads were absorbed by arches and vaults in the gallery over the side aisles
- Transferred to thick buttresses in the outer walls, which often resulted in dark churches with no clerestory windows and windows along the side aisles and gallery
- use of cross vaults which breaks the forces into 4 directions.
18
Q
Durham Cathedral
A
- Small clerestory windows
- lateral force of vaults gathered in the thick walls of the nave and conducted from the massive piers and columns
- one of the last Romanesque churches to rely on massive walls to support its vaulting
- BUT, gothic elements were present, such as ribs, pointed arches, lateral external bracing.
19
Q
GOTHIC Architecture
A
- Cathedrals were no more isolated but built in cities
- Albert Suger was the designated inventor of Gothic Architecture, whose goal was to replace the massive walls with stained glass.
- adapts to the location when it comes to materials, while keeping the main features. (Sustainable)
20
Q
Examples of Gothic Architecture
A
- Abbey church of Saint-Denis, in France, 12th c.
- Notre-Dame de Paris, 12th c.
- Salisbury Cathedral, in England, 13th c.
21
Q
Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
A
- clear Geometrical composition by means of geometrical and arithmetical instruments
- great round windows, the first rose window of a typical gothic church
22
Q
Gothic Periods
A
- Early Gothic, 1140
- Classical Gothic, 1190
- Rayonnant Gothic, 1230
- Flamboyant Gothic, 1360
23
Q
Load transfers in GOTHIC
A
- no longer a building but a skeleton
- use of flying buttresses and pier buttresses
- maximum concentration of forces
- use of counterforts
24
Q
Notre-Dame de Paris
A
- where the Flying buttresses were born
- vertically domniated
- 3 parts to the interior elevation:
- Arcade
- Triforium
- Clerestory
