Greek

Question 1

What are the technologies invented by the Greeks

Answer 1

• Stone: no mortar, use of mechanical bonding such as Tshaped wood and iron anchor
• screws and pulley
• gear wheels: gain force and lose speed, or gain speed and lose force
• perfectly vertical excavation pits for shoring and retaining walls for mine exploitation

Question 2

2 types of Greek Public Buildings

Answer 2

• Palestra: for exercises

- Stadium: used for athletic contests

Question 3

Explain Greek’s urban planning

Answer 3

Greece was made of polis, with an Agora in the middle as their community centre, where students were taught, political discussions happened, and each polis was defined by private house and shops, until stoas came around by the 3rd c. BC

Question 4

Who is Hippodamus

Answer 4

the inventor of city planning during the Greek Civilization

Question 5

3 phases of Roman civilization

Answer 5

1. The rule of the early kings, 1100 BC
2. The Republic, 509 BC
3. The Empire, early 1st c. BC

Question 6

Major development in Roman Civilization

Answer 6

1. Organization and management due to a a strong, rich and centralized power
2. paved roads
3. entrepreneurship thinking
4. no great theoretical scientist, but a lot of engineers and builders

Question 7

Roman’s Urban Planning

Answer 7

• streets were not necessarily aligned with points of compass
• Roman’s life was focused on the city
• They learned orthogonal planning from the Hellenistic Greek.

Question 8

Roman’s public Buildings

Answer 8

1. Basilica: basically parliament buildings
2. Temples: raised on a high platform, with a colonnaded front portico
3. Curia: where the senate had meetings (Office buidlings)
4. Theatres: for plays
5. Baths (Thermae): water trasnported through aqueducts and heated from the bottom of the baths’ tiles.

Question 9

Roman’s housing

Answer 9

1. Domus: private houses that had a shrine, and shops open to the streets
2. Insulae (Apartment blocks): for most urban cities, not in an excellent quality

Question 10

Roman’s technology

Answer 10

1. concrete: used for walls and vaults of buildings, allowed a solid building construction at a lesser cost, excellent quality and it is waterproof due to the use of mortar
2. Construction: still used muscular strength, but brought large and willing workforce from outside of Rome, who was rewarded by honoring their gods inside of Roman temples
3. Aqueducts: mastering of geometry for the slopes, use of syphon to avoid aqueducts in urban settings, made of lead pipes, which required the mastering of mining and metal working