Middle Ages Flashcards
What did the Middle Ages start with?
ThE fall of the Roman Empire
Middle Ages was the period between the ______ and the ——– world
Ancient and modern
What caused the name of the period called the dark ages
Be cause Western Europe was so illiterate and backward
The ——- created a new civilization that combines elements of the ——-, ———, and the ——- cultures with Christian beliefs
Greeks, Romans and Germanic
Who are the Frank’s
The strongest if the Germanic tribes
Modern France
Who was Clovis?
The first barbarian king to accept Christianity.
Who were mayors of the palace and who did they replace
Government officials, they replaced the Kings.
Who was Charles Martel
What was he known as?
Who did he defeat at the battle of ——
What was the effect that this had
The first mayor of the palace.
He was known as the savior of Christianity
He defeated the Muslims at the battle of tours
This stopped the Spanish Muslims invasion of Europe and insured that Christianity would remain the dominant religion of Europe
T or false
The Catholic Church supported Charles
T
What did Charles do in exchange for the Catholics church’s support
What was it called?
Where was it?
What is it today?
He gave them a large chunk of land in ITALY known as the Papal States today called the Vatican.
Who is Charlemagne? What did he become? What is he known for? Who did he defeat and what did he create? What did the pope do for him? How many countries did he devide into. Who helps rule his empire?
Charles the great
Becomes the new Frankish King
Being the father of Europe/western civilization *very influential
He defeated the barbarian German pagans and creates the Frankish empire
HE CREATES A NEW CHRISTIAN ROMAN EMPIRE
rewarded by pope by being crowned the first **holy Roman emporer
He decided the empire into 350 countries
The counts help him rule his empire
What are the missi dominici
They are Royal messengers sent out to keep an eye in the counts of the emporer.
Who was Charlemagnes son?
Was he good at his job?
What happened at his death?
What is the cause for his mistake?
Luis the pius
He was not a strong leader
At his death three grandsons of Charlemagne split the empire into three parts.
Charlemagnes unified empire collapses and leaves room for invasion and chaos.
Name the groups that brought an end to the Christian Roman Empire
Muslims
Vikings
Magyars
Who were the Vikings? What kingdoms were they from How did they travel? Where did they attack? What kind of people were they? Why were they the most feared group in europe?
The Vikings were Norsemen
They were from Norway, Denmark, and Sweden
They traveled in long boats
They raided the coastal towns of Western Europe
They were a trading people
They were feared because no place was safe from them
Norse mythology
Religion - polytheistic
Who is Odin
Chief of the gods
Who is Thor
God of Thunder and battle
Who is Loki
The trickster God of mischiefs
What was the effect of the raids of the Vikings
They greatly weakened monarchs and kings and isolated the European communities. Ultimately is caused feudalism.
What is feudalism
A system of government that stressed mutual alliances between monarchs and nobles
Based on the giving of land to the nobles in exchange for military aid and protection.
Lord =
Vassal =
Serfs=
A noble who gave the land
A noble that received the land and serves the lord
The people who worked the land
Social society
- )
- )
- )
- )
King/clergy
Nobles/Lords
Knights/Vassals
Peasants/Serfs
What is an homage
A ceremony in which the vassal pledged his loyalty to the lord. (Land for protection)
What is a fief
Land granted by the lord to the vassal
What is the manor
The lords estate
What are knights
Mounted warriors that provided protection to the lord
How many rights did a lady or noble woman have?
When was she married?
To whom was she married to?
No rights,
Married at her 21st
Her father selected
What are troubadours
Traveling poets and musicians
Name the 3 levels of knightst training
Page: age of 7 - learned manners and use of weapons and how to ride a horse
Squire: age of 14 - assistant to the knight/protect In battle
Knight: after he proved himself in battle - ceremony called knighthood
What is chivalry
Knights code of conduct strictly followed.
Name some of the holidays made up just to call a truce
Peace of God: (PAX DELI) peasants and clergy were not to be harmed during warfare. Under protection of the church
Truce of God:’(Treug deli) No warfare on holidays, and Sunday’s
What are the clergy?
What was emir influence?
Bishops and priests
LOTS OF POWER AND INFLUENCE
Was is the canon law?
Church law more powerful than the civil law
Why did the church have so much power?
It came from e threat of excommunication.
What is excommunication?
Individual banishment from the church
What is an interdict?
Entire kingdom banished from the church
Who was King authors dad? Who was Merlin? Who was he raised by? Until what age? Who is his stepbrother? When did he become king? Why.
King uther pendragon
Merlin was his magician and close advisor
He was raised by sir ector (step father) until he was 15 yrs old
His step brother was sir Kay
He became king at fifteen years of age because he pulled a sword out of a stone.
Who gave author the sword called —–
Lady of the lake gave author the sword called Excalibur.
What does King author do? What is his kingdom called? Who does he marry? Her father gives her a dowry What is a dowry? What does it represent?
He United England and brings peace after many years of war.
His kingdom is called Camelot
He married queen Guinevere
Her father gives her a dowry, round table,
It represents that all of his knights that sat at the table were equal
Who were his major knights?
- )Lancelot
- ) Gawain
- ) Galahad
What is known as heaven on earth?
Camelot
What happens between Lancelot and Guinevere?
Fall in love
What does the word crusade mean?
Going to the cross
What were the crusades?
- )
- )
Wars between the Christians and Muslims fought over the holy land
Jerusalem and surrounding area
Why was the holy land holy to all three people’s?
Jews: solomans temple and wailing wall
- ) land of Jesus’s ministry
- ) Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven
How many crusades were there?
Nine
What happened when the Arab Muslims took over Jerusalem
It was renamed Palestine
Period of religious toleration
What happened when the Seljuk Turks took over
No more religious toleration
3000 Christians and massacred
What was the spark that brought about the crusades?
The slaughter of the Christians
What was the major goal of the crusades?
Take back the holy land
1st crusade
—– calls in all Christians to ——- from the ——
———- is their battle cry
Succeed or lose?
Pope urban 2, reclaim the holy land, Muslims
God wills it
Succeeded
Children’s crusades
Who led them?
Did they succeed?
What happened to the children
12 Year old Nicholas led the army of 50,000
They never got there
Many died, most were taken as slaves
Major goal of the crusades
- ) created a division between the Christians and the Muslims that still lasts to this day
- )end of the dark ages
