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Perpsective > Middle Ages (5th To 5th century) > Flashcards

Middle Ages (5th To 5th century) Flashcards

1
Q

Dental care was rudimentary and often based on ____. Treatments included tooth extraction with basic tools and herbal remedies. Beliefs often attributed dental issues to ____ or _____

A

superstition, supernatural causes or divine punishment.

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2
Q

In the Middle Ages, _____ often performed dental procedures alongside their main duties. They extracted teeth, treated toothaches, and performed basic dental surgeries. This practice continued until dentistry evolved into a ____.

A

barbers, separate profession

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3
Q

_____ in the Middle Ages contributed valuable insights to dentistry through their medical writings. They advanced techniques for dental surgery and emphasized oral hygiene, leaving a lasting impact on dental practices in both Islamic and European societies.

A

Islamic scholars

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4
Q

formed, marking dentistry’s professionalization. They set standards for education and practice, shaping modern dental professions.

A

Dental guilds

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5
Q

The _____ were characterized by significant suffering for those with toothaches, with tooth extraction being the prevalent treatment.

A

Middle Ages (5th-15th century AD)

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6
Q

Between 1130 and 1163, a ____ restricted monks from performing surgery, leading _____ to take over surgical procedures, including bloodletting, abscess lancing, and tooth extraction.

A

papal proclamation, barbers

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7
Q

The creation of the ____ in 1210 allowed specialization, with educated barbers performing sophisticated procedures while others focused on routine services like ____, ____, and ____

A

Guild of Barbers, cutting, shaving, and tooth pulling.

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8
Q

The Middle Ages were a time of ______, but scholars and physicians worked diligently to formulate guidelines for proper dental care.

A

superstition

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9
Q

_____ recorded 10 precepts for preventative dental care wherein _____ of those were right on the mark.

A

Giovanni de Arcoli, 5

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10
Q
  1. Everything must be avoided which may produce vomiting as ____ erode tooth enamel over time.
  2. Sweet and viscous food must not be partaken of as they can get deep into crevices in ______
  3. _____ must not be broken with teeth as
    they are delicate and can chip or break if misused.
A

stomach acids, teeth- feeding bacteria, Hard things

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11
Q
  1. The teeth must be cleaned at _______ which is a staple of hygiene today.
  2. The teeth must be rubbed with _____ before bed or before breakfast which is tantamount to the principle of brushing our teeth
A

once after every meal , suitable
dentifrices

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12
Q

In the Middle Ages, the responsibility for dental care shifted to ______ as medical professions progressed.

A

Barbers

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13
Q

in addition to hair trimming, undertook various medical tasks, including bloodletting to treat diseases and surgeries.

A

Barbers

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14
Q

occasionally taught theories in dentistry in exchange for political support.

A

Academic physicians

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15
Q

In 1530, Germany saw the publication of the first dedicated dental booklet, titled

A

“The Little Medicinal Book for All Kinds of Diseases and Infirmities of the Teeth.”

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16
Q

recognized as the Father of Surgery, contributed significantly to dentistry in 1575 with his work on the subject, part of his “Complete Works” published in France.

A

Ambrose Pare

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17
Q

_____ and their medical treatises have wielded profound influence in shaping the landscape of both medicine and dentistry throughout history.

A

Islamic scholar

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18
Q

greatly influenced medicine and dentistry. They made significant contributions to healthcare, anatomy, surgery, pharmacology, and dental medicine. Their meticulous observations and documentation advanced medical knowledge.

A

Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Nafis, and Al-Zahrawi

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19
Q

They preserved and expanded upon ancient medical knowledge from civilizations like Greece and Rome. Their innovative techniques and treatments continue to influence modern medical and dental practices globally.

A

Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Nafis, and Al-Zahrawi

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20
Q

developed in Anatolia, influenced by Islamic scholars.

A

Ottoman-Turkish medicine and dentistry

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21
Q

saw the zenith of Islamic medicine, integrating Turkish-Islamic and ancient Greek knowledge.

A

Ottoman Empire in Anatolia

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22
Q

From the 13th to the 15th centuries, Ottoman dentistry focused on ____ and ____

A

dental diseases and periodontology.

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23
Q

Turkish physician writers in the 14th and 15th centuries addressed

A

child dentistry

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24
Q

was depicted in art and literature from the 15th to the 19th centuries, showcasing practices like tooth extraction.

A

Dental Medicine

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25
Q

delves into the role of the dental nerve in pain generation and addresses periodontal inflammation and infections mimicking dental pain.

A

Hedayat Akwhayani

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26
Q

He advocates for _____ like vinegar and explores other herbal and nonorganic remedies for their potential anti-inflammatory properties.

A

Hedayat Akwhayani , Natural antiseptics

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27
Q

_____ and _____ are considered as last resort therapeutic options.

A

Nerve cautery and dental extraction

28
Q

His anatomical understanding of dental diseases informs his logical treatment framework, which includes herbal remedies, fumigations, and surgical interventions.

A

Hedayat Akwhayani

29
Q

If herbal remedies fail, cautery with ____ is suggested, followed by tooth extraction if necessary.

A

hot iron

30
Q

Akhawayni proposes separating the ____ from the painful tooth to alleviate pain.
An innovative method involves anesthetizing the tooth by directing ____ directly to the painful area.

A

Nerve, fumes

31
Q

is prescribed for discolored teeth, showcasing Akhawayni’s diverse approach to dental care.

A

Sea-foam

32
Q

addresses various diseases of the mouth, including bad breath, which he attributes to infected teeth, stomach issues, or lung problems.

A

Hedayat Akhawayni

33
Q

Painful oral cavity conditions are categorized into those accompanied by erythema, malakoplakia, and corrosive and gangrenous ulcers of the ____

A

buccal mucosa.

34
Q

Treatment for ___ involves rubbing the gums with a ____ until they bleed to remove rotten flesh, followed by rinsing the mouth with vinegar and applying specific remedies.

A

gingivitis, strong linen cloth

35
Q

Father of early modern medicine. His most important medical works are the Canon of Medicine medical encyclopedia and a treatise on cardiac drugs.

A

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

36
Q

In his book ____, he discussed motor nerves, taste sensation, limitations of tongue movements, halitosis, tooth sensation, tooth pain, bruxism, attrition, loss of enamel, gingival bleeding, recession, and hyperplasia.

A

Canon of Medicine

37
Q

He also provided more than ___ herbal remedies for the management of these dental diseases, many of which were derived from essential oil-rich plant species

A

80

38
Q

believed that the teeth of the upper molar have multiple roots because they are suspended and their weight is against gravity. No bone is sensitive except the teeth.

A

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

39
Q

Father of psychology and psychotherapy

A

Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Razi

40
Q

He invented dental surgical practice, which was in vogue for many years. He divided dental pain into two types
1: derived from the ____
2: from the ___

A

Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Razi , nerves of the tooth, gums

41
Q

He described the nature of a ____ for filling a cavity in an aching tooth with a mixture of ___ and ____

A

Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Razi , cement, alum and mastic

42
Q

was the first physician who used general inhalation for anesthesia in surgeries. Usually, these are consumed by eating drinking, inhalation, or as topical. Drugs such as Hemlock, Mandrake, Henbane, Hyocyamus, Mandragora, Loiseuria, Opium Poppy, and _____ were used.

A

Rhazes, Black Nightshade

43
Q

was a Persian doctor who is first to mention nerve repair in 900 AD

A

Rhazes

44
Q

He was the first surgeon to use opium as an anesthetic

A

Rhazes

45
Q

A guild of barbers were established in the
_____ during the year 1210

A

France

46
Q

Barbers eventually evolved into two groups namely the ____ and the _____ or _____

A

surgeons, lay barbers or barber surgeons

47
Q

Around the year ____ laws started to standardized the practice of dentistry

A

1400

48
Q

_____ in France stop barbers from France stop Barbers from performing complex surgeries without proper training and education.

A

Royal decrees

49
Q

He pioneered several instruments that serve as a foundation for the creation of modern tools we use today including:
-The ___ for tooth extraction
-A small tool for correcting ___ teeth
- ___for root removal

A

Albucasis , turnkey, irregular, Forceps

50
Q

he authored the first comprehensive dentistry book, covering oral anatomy, pathology, decay removal, tooth restoration, periodontal disease, orthodontics, tooth replacement, and more.

A

Pierre Fauchard

51
Q

also pioneered dental braces, initially crafted from gold and attached to teeth with silk or waxed linen.

A

Pierre Fauchard

52
Q

Conventional methods of dental care included drying teeth with ____, using toothpaste made of ____ and ____, brushing with powdered _____ or _____, and mouth rinses made with vinegar or wine and aromatic spices

A

linen, sage and salt crystals, charcoal or crushed black pepper

53
Q

____(Papaver somniferum) and oil of ___ (Caryophyllus aromaticus) were used for pain relief, and problematic teeth were commonly extracted.

A

Opium, cloves

54
Q

Wealthier people may have had dentures,
made from ____ or ____

A

cow bone or human teeth

55
Q

_____ , invented by _____ in the 14th century, resembled a pelican’s beak and was used for dental extractions until the late 18th century.

A

Dental Pelican, Guy de Chauliac

56
Q

replaced the pelican and was eventually replaced by modern forceps in the 20th century

A

dental key

57
Q

The modern concept of the toothbrush
originated in _____.

A

China

58
Q

Historical dental treatments prioritized _____ over long-term oral health, employing techniques like tooth extraction and cautery.

A

pain relief

59
Q

From the 5th to 15th centuries, dental knowledge spread through ___, ___, and ____ This groundwork led to the establishment of dental education, crucial in modern dentistry, notably influenced by European books and Islamic medical writings.

A

texts, oral traditions, and apprenticeships.

60
Q

Although technological progress in dentistry was modest, innovations like ____ and ____ shaped dental practices.

A

metal dental tools and basic prosthetics

61
Q

They pioneered dental instruments, including the dental pelican, advancing the tools used in contemporary dentistry.

A

Barbers

62
Q

_______ stressed the importance of oral hygiene and the prevention of dental diseases, advocating for practices such as tooth brushing and the use of natural antiseptics like vinegar. These principles laid the foundation for ____

A

Akhawayni’s Hidayat al Muta’allemin fi al-Tibb , modern preventive dentistry.

63
Q

Islamic medical texts like ___ and ___ books detailed dental diseases and treatments, including herbs, surgery, and extraction as a last resort. These methods influenced modern dentistry.

A

Hidayat al Muta’allemin fi al-Tibb and Ottoman-Turkish

64
Q

established uniform standards, shaping modern dental regulations and ethics.

A

Guilds

65
Q

Structured training promoted specialized knowledge, laying the foundation for ____

A

modern dental education.

66
Q

Medieval customs like using ____ and mouth rinses influenced modern oral hygiene habits.

A

dental powders

Perpsective (5 decks)

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