Middle Ages Flashcards
What were Friars
Monks that travelled to places helping the poor
Name one group of Friars
Franciscans named after St.Francis of Assai
When did Friars appear
Around 1200
What rule did medical monks follow
St.Benidict rule
What was state St.Benidict rule?
Strict timetable monks followed
What were matins?
Prayers monks sang first thing in the morning at church
What time did monks wake up?
3am
What time did monks go to sleep
8pm
Who was an abbot
Head of monastery, elected by monks
Who was an Almoner?
Looked after the poor
Who was the infirmarian?
Looked after sick
Who was the holster
Looked after the travellers
What was the church
Monks prayed here 7 times a day
What was a cloisters
Where monks walked and prayed
What was the chapter house
Where business was discussed by monks, also abbot was elected here
What was the guest house
Where monks gave food to the poor people
What was the refectory
Where monks ate meals
What was the infirmary
Where monks took care of the sick
What was the guest house
Where monks gave food to poor people
What was a boy called when he joined a monastery
Novice
What did a boy do if he was good enough to. E a monk
Abbot had to pick him, he would let him take the Solemn vows
What were the solemn vows
Promises of Poverty, chastity, obedience
How was a monks hair cut
Tonsure - bald patch
What were the women’s praying communities called
Convents-nuns
What were the men’s praying communities called
Monasteries-monks
What’s another name for an monastery
Abbey
What was the head of a monastery called
Abbot
What was the head of a convent called
Abbess
Which came first, Romanesque or Gothic
Romanesque
Describe Romanesque churches
Round arches, thick round columns, and dark interiors (Windows were small)
Describe gothic churches
Spires and towers, arches over Windows, doors were pointed, arches outside FLYING BUTRESSES, stained glass windows, gargoyles
What did flying BUTRESSES do
Inside of church could now be held up by slim columns , allowed big windows
What was a guild
Set standards of work & wages-looked after old &sick members-SET Examinations for people to make sure they were good at their trade
How could you become a craftswomen
If husband died
State the three stages of becoming a craftsmen
Apprentice-Journey man-Master
What was a charter
Legal document in which the King agreed to let a town run its own affairs
Where did rich merchants live
High street
What was curfew
At sunset bells rang this meant all fires MUST be put out
What was in the middle of the street
Open drain
Name a common skin disease
Leprosy (lepers)
When did a great plague happen
1347 &1350
What happened if you had the Black Death
Swelling under neck, armpit and groin
How was Black Death caused
Fleas carried by the black rat
What was a toll
Tax traders had to pay at towns gates
How did a lady marry
By contract organised by parents
What skills did lady’s learn
Needlework, weaving, music, embroidery, curing illness
What did rich men wear
Tunics, leather pointed shoes (stuffed with horse hair)
What did women wear
Long dresses made of wool, headdress called a wimple
Name a popular hobby
Hawking (training Hawks to hunt)
What was a tournament
Jousting=1 on 1 Melees=group
What did they eat on in castle
Wooden boards or slices of bread called trenches
When was the Middle Ages
AD500 to about 1500
What happened due to no central government
Towns fell into ruin bandits and outlaws
What was the feudal system
People looked up to Lord for protection so this was his system
What was the Kings land called in the feudal system
Demented = 1/4
What were the kings followers called in the feudal system
Vassals some were lords
What did lords give to knights in the feudal system
Some of their land in return for fighting
What did peasants do in the feudal system
Farmed land, payed heavy taxes
What were the two kinds of peasants
Serfs and freemen
Who were serfs
Most common peasant, belonged to Lord and farmed his land
- Got small piece of land and had to work on lords land in return
- couldn’t leave or get married w/out permission
What were freemen
Didn’t give free labour but paid rent
- travelled and married as they pleased
- Still had to pay taxes to priest
What was the tithe
Name used for paying for mass
Where did the blacksmith work
Forge-made knives and axes
What was a note and Bailey castle
Small hill called motte-wooden fort-below fort, Bailey fort
What was the keep
Main building-Lord and lady lived here-Windows were slits
What were the battle ments
At top of keep
What were curtain walls
Outer walls of castle
What were turrets
Strong towers along walls
What was the drawbridge
Raised if enemy approached
What was a portcullis
Iron gille-could be lowered over gate
What was a ramparts
Ran along top of walls
What was the courtyard/Bailey
Open space
What were the latrines
Toilets
What was a siege
Enemy attacked and people went into hiding
Where did the Lord live
Top of castle
What was school like
Good manners and fighting skills were more important-only boys-5am,6pm
Where did lady live
Solar room
