Midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum

Question 1

Substantia nigra

Answer 1

Dopamine, high in melanin

Question 2

What is visible in the anterior section of the tegmentum and the posterior section of the tegmentum?

Answer 2

Anterior contains red nucleus.

Posterior contains mesencephalic tract (locomotor centre)

Question 3

Two pathways of the red nuclei and the function.

Answer 3

Magnocellular (to spinal cord).

Parvocellular (to cerebellum)

Question 4

PAG function and location

Answer 4

Periaqueductal grey matter. Descending centre for pain.

Surrounds the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 5

Where do you find the reticular formation?

Answer 5

Within brainstem, wide range of functions including consciousness.

Question 6

Inferior colliculus function? What tracts does the coronal section show?

Answer 6

Auditory.

Relays signals to superior colliculus and thalamus)

Mesencephalic (proprioception of the face)

Question 7

Superior colliculus

Answer 7

Visual
Relays to thalamus to initiate motor response via the tectospinal pathway.

Coronal section shows red nuclei.

Question 8

Crus cerebri

Answer 8

Link pons to cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

Medullary pyramids are found on which surface of the brain

Answer 9

Contain motor tracts

Found on ventral surface of the brain.

Question 10

Raphe nuclei

Answer 10

5-HT release

Question 11

Superior olives

Answer 11

Ascending and descending auditory system

Question 12

Inferior olives

Answer 12

Motor output to the cerebellum

Question 13

NTS

Answer 13

Input from CN 7,9,10

Question 14

Medial lemniscus

Answer 14

Pathway for proprioception and sensory.

Ascending bundle of myelinated axons that decussate in brain stem

Question 15

Mesolimbic tract

Answer 15

VTA to ventral striatum. Addictive disorders

Question 16

Mesocortical tract

Answer 16

VTA to frontal cortex. Schizophrenia

Question 17

Cerebellar penducles

Answer 17

Superior: midbrain
Middle: Pons
Inferior: Medulla

Question 18

Cerebellar cortex and vermis

Answer 18

Cortex (cell layers)

Vermis (midline b/t lobes)

Question 19

Deep cerebellar nuclei (outer to inner/ hemispheres to vermis)

Answer 19

Dentate (Dont)
Emboliform (Ever)
Globase (Get)
Fastigial (Fucked)

Question 20

Dentate nuclei

Answer 20

Output to ventrolateral thalamus and primary motor cortex

Question 21

Emboliform nuclei

Answer 21

Projects to red nuclei and thalamus

Question 22

Fastigial nuclei

Answer 22

Recieves inhibitory info from the purkinje cells.

Question 23

Cerebellar cortex (inner->outer)

Answer 23

Small, dense granular layer.

Large Purkinje cells on edge of granular layer

Spaced out molecular (pyramidal)

Question 24

Anterior lobe

Answer 24

Unconscious proprioception

Question 25

Posterior lobe

Answer 25

Fine motor movement and inhibition of voluntary movement

Question 26

Flocculonodal lobe

Answer 26

Connects to vestibular nucleus in medulla. Head balance and postitioning

Question 27

Ventral posterior thalamic nuclei

Answer 27

Projects to somatosensory cortex

Question 28

Ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

Answer 28

Projects to primary motor cortex

Question 29

Ventral anterior thalamic nuclei

Answer 29

Projects to pre motor cortex

Question 30

Anterior nuclei

Answer 30

Projects to cingulate gyrus

Question 31

Intralaminar nuclei

Answer 31

Project to basal ganglia