Mid Unit Test Review (LO 1-24) have not done 17-24 yet and some vocab

Question 1

Create a lewis dot structure for K(1) and F(7) and Br(7) and Br(7)

Answer 1

Check Learning Objectives

Question 2

How much access do we have to all of Earth’s water have

Answer 2

about 0.03%

Question 3

Largest source containing freshwater?

Answer 3

Groundwater

Question 4

Describe what has happened to freshwater levels throughout the globe. Identify groups affected by the loss of freshwater and describe how they are impacted.

Answer 4

Climate change has started to increase the salinity of bodies of water and groundwater through saltwater intrusion. Saline waters can then leak further upstream and inland in estuaries, wetlands, and aquifers. This has been making less freshwaters actually fresh and able to be of human use. Many rural residents are affected by this because the water at the wells could be treated minimally or not at all. Additionally, many indigenous communities lack water for various uses. Also, some of their traditional practices have been altered because of ice melting due to temperature changes. Finally, some U.S.-Mexico border cities lack water and wastewater services and face stormwater and pollutant runoff problems. These areas are prone to flooding and heavy rains that are expected to worsen.

Question 5

Identify three soil characteristics that affect soil porosity and explain their effects.

Answer 5

The three soil characteristics that effect soil porosity is shape, packing, and sorting. Well roudner particles have greater porosity than angular particles. Additionally, loosely packed particles have greater porosity than tightly packed particles. Finally, sorted particles have greater porosity than unsorted particles.

Question 6

Homo vs Hetero mixture

Answer 6

Homo - not uniform in composition
Hetero- uniform composition

Question 7

Condensation

Answer 7

Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

Question 8

Infiltration

Answer 8

The flow of water from aboveground to the subsurface.

Question 9

Zone of saturation and aeration

Answer 9

Zone of Saturation - Where the pores or openings between solid particles are filled with water.
Zone of Aeration - Where the pores are partly filled with air and partly filled with water.

Question 10

Water table

Answer 10

The intersurface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration.

Question 11

What two envioromental factors influence state change of matter

Answer 11

Pressure and temperature

Question 12

How much heat must be added to 1 gram of water for it fully melt (turn from a solid to a liquid).

Answer 12

80 cal

Question 13

Which TWO environmental factors influence state changes of matter?

Answer 13

Pressure and temperature

Question 14

How much heat must be added to 1 gram of water for it fully melt (turn from a solid to a liquid).

Answer 14

80 cal

Question 15

How does energy need to transfer for 1 gram of water to sublimate?

Answer 15

680 cal of heat needs to be absorbed

Question 15

How much heat must a 1 gram sample of liquid water absorb in order to fully vaporize?

Answer 15

540-600 cal

Question 16

How does energy transfer for 1 gram of water to undergo deposition?

Answer 16

680 cal heat released

Question 17

The Earth’s lowest land elevation point is at the Dead Sea, located at the border of Israel and Jordan. Its shores have an elevation of 420 meters (1,385 feet) below sea level. Which of the following would be a likely temperature at which water would boil?

Answer 17

105 degrees C

Question 18

How are the photons (tiny, massless particles of light) which bring energy to Earth’s systems generated?

Answer 18

Nuclear fusion in the sun’s core

Question 19

Evaporation occurs only _____

Answer 19

At surface of a liquid

Question 20

Which of the following factors thus affect evaporation (select all that apply)

Increase in Surface Area
Increase in temperature
Increase in Humidity
Decrease in Wind speed

Answer 20

1 and 2

Question 21

What happens as warm, saturated air in clouds rises rapidly?

Answer 21

It cools and droplets coalesce into larger droplets

Question 22

A ground water aquifer can also be referred to as…

Answer 22

Zone of saturation

Question 23

Which water cycle process would it make most sense for root uptake to follow?

Answer 23

Infiltration

Question 24

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of transpiration in the water cycle?

Answer 24

Transpiration adds water vapor directly to the atmosphere.

Question 25

During transpiration, what is the main function of stomata in plant leaves?

Answer 25

Controlling water loss

Question 26

In what form does water exit the plant during transpiration?

Answer 26

Water vapor through stomata

Question 27

Spring

Answer 27

Water moving underground finds an opening and emerges

Question 27

Watershed

Answer 27

An area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet

Question 28

Design a filtration system

Answer 28

Check with assignment

Question 29

Explain the environmental impacts associated with groundwater use.

Answer 29

Taking out too much harms people and animals, not being able to replace the water

Question 30

Identify the variables that explain the inequity between communities most affected by environmental issues and those not (race, income, etc.)

Answer 30

People that are not of the largest race in the US (White), low income households, and people with access to little resources are all at a disadgantve when it comes to good access to fresh water.

Question 31

What is stomata

Answer 31

Pores in the leaves that control the rate of gas exchange

Question 32

What does coalesce mean

Answer 32

Come together to form a bigger thing of a substance

Question 33

Explain how and why those communities most affected by environmental inequities are most affected (racism, deliberate targeting, lack of financial backing, lack of mobility, lack of political representation).

Answer 33

This is because they are presented with less options that work for them. However, if you are the opposite of this, you have the resources and access you need to get better water and othe materials. They may also have no one to represent and advocate for them, so it is hard to change their current situation.

Question 34

Identify the energy source that drives the water cycle. Further, identify and describe the process by which this source emits the energy which drives the water cycle.

Answer 34

The sun is what drives the water cycle. It happens when 2 nuclei merge to go from hydrogen nuclei to one helium nuclei, which releases energy in the process because the mass of the helium nuclei that remains is slightly less than the combined mass of the original nucleuses.

Question 35

Explain the statement “Earth’s water cycle is balanced.”

Answer 35

It means that the average amounts of things that happen that are contrary to each other, like evaporation and precipitation, is about equal.

Question 36

Evapotranspiration, evaporation, transperation, and condensation

Answer 36

Evapotranspiration: evaporation and transpiration together.
Evaporation: Liquid water changes into water vapor (gas).
Transpiration: Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere.
Condensation: water vapor (gas) changes state to liquid water (Cloud droplets, Dew)

Question 37

Precipitation, runoff, infiltration, root uptake, and groundwater

Answer 37

Precipitation: water falls from clouds to the earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
Runoff: water that flows over land and then eventually in rivers.
Infiltration/Percolation: the movement of water into the ground due to gravity
Root Uptake – plants take in water from soil moisture and groundwater.
Groundwater is water in pore spaces and cracks underground.

Question 38

Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called

Answer 38

Hydrogen bonds

Question 39

Groundwater is stored in permeable layers of rock called aquifers. If a well is drilled - what is the correct order of the different layers that it would move through?

Answer 39

unsaturated zone, water table, saturated zone

Question 40

Use a calculator:

Roughly how much heat would it take for 47g of water to undergo evaporation and how would this heat be transferred? (ground to air)

Answer 40

28,200 cal absorbed