Mid-Term (T/F, Definitions, Short Answer) Flashcards
Which aspects of the myth of Rome’s founding and early period are true?
- The Romans were not natives of Italy but came originally from the east
- The first settlement of Rome was on the Palatine Hill
- The Romans had a policy of integration and a mixed ancestry
- Rome was ruled by a monarch
- Early Romans lived in simple huts
What are the differences between the Roman and the more modern systems of slavery?
- Among Romans slaves were not always used as labourers but often acted as status symbols
- Roman slaves could be of any race or skin colour
- Anyone could be a slave in the ancient Roman system, even people of the upper classes
- Slaves were commonly freed in the Roman system and then even provided with citizenship
- No one tried to stop slavery
What were the rights and duties of a paterfamilias?
Rights:
- Power of life and death over members of his household
- Judgment on family matters
- Financial control
- Releasing family members from his power
Duties:
- Conducting religious rituals on behalf of the household
What were some of the common practices found in a traditional Roman wedding ceremony?
- The bride would wear a special white outfit with an orange head covering and shoes
- The bride and groom would consent to the marriage at the bride’s home
- The bride and groom along with guests would feast
- There would be a procession with songs from the bride’s house to the groom’s house
- The bride was brought into her new home by her husband
Aeneas
a mythical Trojan prince who travelled to Italy
Caupona
an inn serving food (Tavern, Bar)
Civitas
a city or city-state
Collegium
an organization made up of workers in the same trade
Concordia
harmony
Cursus Publicus
the communication network set up by Augustus
Exposure
the abandonment of an unwanted infant
Infamia
a loss of legal or social standing
the legal status applied to such citizens as entertainers
Latium
The region in Italy in which Rome was located
Manumission
the formal act of freeing a slave
Ordo
a type of upper-class division, such as that of senators
Negotium
Work (as opposed to leisure time)
Paedagogue
a slave attending to a Roman child
Patria potestas
the power of a male head of the household
Patron
an elite Roman who provided assistance and support to a client
Peculium
a monetary allowance given to slaves
Principate
the period of the Roman Empire
Proletarian
a Roman belonging to the poorest free class
Salutation
a morning greeting from a client
Villa
a country home
T/F
When her husband died, a Roman woman would be assigned a guardian.
T
T/F
Romans had the first civilization in which the majority of its populace was literate.
F
T/F
St. Valentine was a Roman.
T
T/F
A Roman hour was always shorter than a modern 60-minute hour.
F
T/F
Rome was founded as a monarchy.
T
T/F
The height of popularity of Roman abolitionist movements was during the Republic.
F
T/F
Wine mixed with water was the typical drink for all Romans, even young children.
T
T/F
Prostitution was legal during the early Roman Empire.
T
T/F
The popina was a type of corndog popular among Roman plebeians.
F
T/F
Freedpersons with enough money could officially become senators.
F
T/F
During the Republic all those freeborn living in Rome had citizenship.
F
T/F
The Romans had a large middle class.
F
T/F
All Romans typically laid down while eating dinner.
F
T/F
The Romans had state-sponsored welfare.
T
T/F
A fire-fighting brigade was established in Rome by the emperor Augustus.
T
T/F
The government offices and central bank of Rome were located on the Palatine hill.
F
T/F
Roman girls in the first century A.D. were given their first names by their fathers.
F
T/F
Ancient Romans had the first highly industrialized society.
F
T/F
The first Roman province was Gaul.
F
Sicily
T/F Matchmaking was common in upper-class Roman marriages.
T
The Monarchy
1000/753 - 509
The Republic
509 - 27 BC
The Principate
27 BC - 476 AD
Every free person in Roman Empire was granted citizenship
212 AD
Plebians could run for office
287 BC
Julian Law was passed
18 BC
Papia - Poppaean Laws passed
9 AD
Which architectural features were typical in Roman city houses?
Atrium - Hall Tablinum - Office Cubiculun - Bedroom Triclinium - Dining room Vestibulum - Forecourt Peristylum - Colonnade Fauces - narrow passages
Beginning of the Bronze Age
3000 B.C.
Dispersal of Indo-Europeans
2000 B.C.
First Settlements around Rome
1000 B.C.
Beginning of the Iron Age
800 B.C.
Reasons for Successful Expansions?
- Geographical placement
- Policies of integration and adoption
- Military training
- Republican system
- Imperialistic
Selected Accomplishments of Augustus?
- Founding the Principate and the Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Defining the boundaries of the Empire
- Rebuilding Rome from a city of brick to a city of marble
- Passing legislation to encourage fertility and discourage adultery
- Acting as a patron to poet and historians
- Ushering in a period of peace (the Pax Augusta)
- Reorganizing the administration of Rome, Italy, and the provinces, forming the cursus publicus
Characteristics of the “High” Principate:
Peace/Security Wealth/Prosperity Health Learning Justice
Reasons for the Decline and Fall (The “Late” Principate
Political/Military Economic Religious Natural Moral
Factors Determining Class:
Wealth (Rich, Poor)
Freedom (Freeborn, Freedperson, Slave)
Citizenship (Roman, Foreign)
Ways of Gaining Roman Citizenship:
By birth from two citizen parents By being adopted by two citizen parents By retiring from being a soldier By being a non-gladiator slave freed by a citizen By legal enfranchisement
Means of Class Advancement:
Obtain of money
Obtain of prestige
Marriage into a family of higher social class
Adoption into a family of higher social class
Patronage
Two that consists of Roman Household:
Paterfamilias had the power of life and death, of judgement on family matters, over fiances, and of releasing from his power.
Materfamilias - Just the wife of the Paterfamilias
Three main food staples:
Cereal, Grapes, Olives
Standard Supplements
Fruits Vegetables Nuts Cheese Honey Eggs Meat Fish
Cookshop or snack shop (Bars)
Popina
A Tavern
Caupona
Appetizers
Gustatio
Hotdish
Prima Mensa
Dessert
Secunda Mensa
Appian Way
one of the most famous ancient roads
Romance Languages
French Italian Portuguese Romanian Spanish Others
Early Traditional Roman Education
- Parents taught children
- Education was informal
- In the home
- Responsibility of the parents
- Practical
- Moralistic
Reconstruction of Agustus’s sundial
Horologium
Traditional Roman Values
Piety (Sense of Duty) Virtue (Manly Excellence) Faith (Honesty) Gravity (Self-control and seriousness) Constancy (Persseverance) Austerity and Frugality (Moderation)
Lower Class Roman Occupations
Craftsman Vendor Soldier Farmer Weaver Entertainer Labourer Porter
Higher Class Roman Occupations
Emperor Priest Advocate Trader/Merchant Tax collector Business owner Teacher Money Lender
Laundry Mat
Fullery
Work
Negotium
Leisure
Otium
1st Hour
Light meal
2nd Hour
Clients Visit
3rd - 5th hours
Work
6th hour
lunch
7th hour
Nap
8th hour
Visit the baths
9th hour
dinner
10th - 12th hour
leisure time
Ways of Becoming a Roman Slave:
By Birth By being sold by a paterfamilias By being exposed by a paterfamilias and found (left for gods) By being punished by Capital Crime Because of debt By capture in war or rebellion By voluntarily becoming a slave By being illegally kidnapped and sold off
Differences between Roman and more recent systems of slavery:
Slaves were of social, not economic importance
The lack of racial bias
The possibility for anyone to become a slave
The Ease of changeability of status to become freed
The lack of galley slaves
The possibility of educated slaves
The absence of abolitionist movements
What is Roman “enfranchisement”?
Roman enfranchisement is the act of being granted full Roman citizenship.
What are the Roman social “orders”?
The Roman social orders are senatorial and equestrian
manumission
release from slavery.
Grain Dole
a government program which gave out free or subsidized grain, and later bread
rhetoric
A well trained speaker
