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Roman Civilization > Exam (Short Answer) > Flashcards

Exam (Short Answer) Flashcards

1
Q

Progress of Roman Women

A
  • Mobility and integration
  • Unofficial Political Voice
  • Marital Independence
  • Sexual Liberation
  • Intellectual emancipation and education
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2
Q

The usual stages of a visit to a Roman Bathhouse (Balneum)

A
  • Change in the dressing room
  • Exercise (such as ball games)
  • Sweat in various saunas
  • Scrape off the dirt and sweat
  • Bathe in various pools
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3
Q

Requirements for Roman Senators and Decurions

A
  • Free birth and never enslaved
  • Male
  • Citizen of Rome
  • Adulthood
  • Money
  • Good standing
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4
Q

Characteristics of the Traditional Roman Religion (Paganism)

A
  • Polytheism - is the belief in or worship of more than one god.
  • Animism - Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. (The earliest form of Roman Religion)
  • Anthropomorphism - human characteristics or behaviour toward a god, animal, or object.
  • Syncretism - combining of different beliefs and various schools of thought. Mixing of Roman Gods
  • Apotheosis - the highest point in the development of something; culmination or climax.
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5
Q

Aspects of the Roman State Religion

A
  • Assigning Priests/Priestesses
  • Building and maintaining temples
  • Celebrating events
  • Suppressing Dangerous/Intolerant Religions
  • Conducting Rituals
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6
Q

Types of Rituals

A

Sacrifice/Dedicatory offering (most important)
Prayer
Vow
Divination (Gaining knowledge from Gods) (Taro cards)
Apotropaic Rite (Protect yourself from evil using Apotropaic Rites)

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7
Q

Areas of Roman Progress

A 
Geography and cartography
Medicine 
Agricultural Science 
Civil Engineering 
Military Engineering 
Mechanical Engineering
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8
Q

3 Types of Art

A

Sculpture, Paintings, and Mosaics

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9
Q

3 reasons for the relative lack of progress in Roman times

A

Idealization of the past - Looked back at golden days
Economic Conservatism - Had slaves do what they wanted
Educational Emphasis - Didn’t emphasize math or science, focused on rhetoric

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10
Q

3 Types of Ethics

A

Rule Following
Problem Solving
Acting Virtuously

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11
Q

4 Philosophical Schools

A

Cynicism
Skepticism
Epicureanism
Stoicism

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12
Q

3 Typical Imperial Arena Events Schedule

A

Morning: Animal Spectacles
Noon: Executions of Condemned Criminals
Afternoon: Gladiator Duels

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13
Q

3 Main Types of Venues for Imperial Public Shows (Ludi)

A

Circus
Theatre
Amphitheatre or Arena

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14
Q

All Roman Leisure Activities

A 
Eating
Drinking
Sex
Gaming/Gambling
Athletics
Recreational Bathing
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15
Q

Upper-class Roman Leisure Activities

A

Hunting
Travel
Recitations

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16
Q

The Hierarchy of Authority in the Roman Empire (4)

A

Empire
Provinces
Towns
Households

17
Q

The Roman Military

A 
Heroic Fighting
Greek Style Phalanx
Centuriate Phalanx
Manipular Legion
Professional Cohort Army
18
Q

What is Polytheism?

A

The belief in or worship of more than one god.

19
Q

Animism

A

Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
(no physical form, a corporeal being)

20
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Human characteristics or behaviour toward a god, animal, or object.

21
Q

Syncretism

A

Combining of different beliefs and various schools of thought. Mixing of Roman Gods

22
Q

Apotheosis

A

Making of gods from mortals

23
Q

What was the most important type of ritual?

A

Sacrifice/Dedicatory offering

24
Q

Divination

A

Gaining knowledge from the gods via “heavenly signals”

Taro cards

25
Q

Apotropaic Rite

A

Keeping away and warding off evil/bad spirits

Magic is used to protect from evil (Protect yourself from evil using Apotropaic Rites)

26
Q

4 Styles of Paintings

A
  • First style (Masonry or Incrustation)
  • Second style ( Architectural or Architectonic)
  • Third style (Decorative or Ornamental)
  • Fourth style (Illusionistic)
27
Q

Propitiation

A

A term that means the getting of the gods/goddesses on your side, and having them protect you, or honouring them if you do something on their sacred land

28
Q

Polytheistic

A

Many gods

29
Q

Sculptures

Showing people as they were, not as what they wanted to be

A

Verism

30
Q

Two main styles of sculptures prior to the romans

A

Egypt: iconic, less realistic and more focused on iconography and gods, stiff and formal

Greek: idealized, defined, informal, commonly depicting mythos and ideal Greek ideas and ideals

31
Q

Negative Roman traits

A 
· Conservative culture and lack of innovation 
· Class gap 
· Gender gap 
· Lack of human rights  
· Slavery
· Attitude towards the mentally and physically challenged 
· Lack of animal rights 
· Lack of environmental concern 
· Violence and genocide 
· Religious intolerance 
· Attitude towards foreigners
32
Q

Roman achievements and legacies

A 
· Military, political, and administrative skills 
· Language 
· Literature 
· Jurisprudence and law 
· Engineering and architecture 
· Heath and sanitation 
· Art 
· Free entertainment and welfare

Roman Civilization (4 decks)

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