Exam (Short Answer) Flashcards
Progress of Roman Women
- Mobility and integration
- Unofficial Political Voice
- Marital Independence
- Sexual Liberation
- Intellectual emancipation and education
The usual stages of a visit to a Roman Bathhouse (Balneum)
- Change in the dressing room
- Exercise (such as ball games)
- Sweat in various saunas
- Scrape off the dirt and sweat
- Bathe in various pools
Requirements for Roman Senators and Decurions
- Free birth and never enslaved
- Male
- Citizen of Rome
- Adulthood
- Money
- Good standing
Characteristics of the Traditional Roman Religion (Paganism)
- Polytheism - is the belief in or worship of more than one god.
- Animism - Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. (The earliest form of Roman Religion)
- Anthropomorphism - human characteristics or behaviour toward a god, animal, or object.
- Syncretism - combining of different beliefs and various schools of thought. Mixing of Roman Gods
- Apotheosis - the highest point in the development of something; culmination or climax.
Aspects of the Roman State Religion
- Assigning Priests/Priestesses
- Building and maintaining temples
- Celebrating events
- Suppressing Dangerous/Intolerant Religions
- Conducting Rituals
Types of Rituals
Sacrifice/Dedicatory offering (most important)
Prayer
Vow
Divination (Gaining knowledge from Gods) (Taro cards)
Apotropaic Rite (Protect yourself from evil using Apotropaic Rites)
Areas of Roman Progress
Geography and cartography Medicine Agricultural Science Civil Engineering Military Engineering Mechanical Engineering
3 Types of Art
Sculpture, Paintings, and Mosaics
3 reasons for the relative lack of progress in Roman times
Idealization of the past - Looked back at golden days
Economic Conservatism - Had slaves do what they wanted
Educational Emphasis - Didn’t emphasize math or science, focused on rhetoric
3 Types of Ethics
Rule Following
Problem Solving
Acting Virtuously
4 Philosophical Schools
Cynicism
Skepticism
Epicureanism
Stoicism
3 Typical Imperial Arena Events Schedule
Morning: Animal Spectacles
Noon: Executions of Condemned Criminals
Afternoon: Gladiator Duels
3 Main Types of Venues for Imperial Public Shows (Ludi)
Circus
Theatre
Amphitheatre or Arena
All Roman Leisure Activities
Eating Drinking Sex Gaming/Gambling Athletics Recreational Bathing
Upper-class Roman Leisure Activities
Hunting
Travel
Recitations
The Hierarchy of Authority in the Roman Empire (4)
Empire
Provinces
Towns
Households
The Roman Military
Heroic Fighting Greek Style Phalanx Centuriate Phalanx Manipular Legion Professional Cohort Army
What is Polytheism?
The belief in or worship of more than one god.
Animism
Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
(no physical form, a corporeal being)
Anthropomorphism
Human characteristics or behaviour toward a god, animal, or object.
Syncretism
Combining of different beliefs and various schools of thought. Mixing of Roman Gods
Apotheosis
Making of gods from mortals
What was the most important type of ritual?
Sacrifice/Dedicatory offering
Divination
Gaining knowledge from the gods via “heavenly signals”
Taro cards
Apotropaic Rite
Keeping away and warding off evil/bad spirits
Magic is used to protect from evil (Protect yourself from evil using Apotropaic Rites)
4 Styles of Paintings
- First style (Masonry or Incrustation)
- Second style ( Architectural or Architectonic)
- Third style (Decorative or Ornamental)
- Fourth style (Illusionistic)
Propitiation
A term that means the getting of the gods/goddesses on your side, and having them protect you, or honouring them if you do something on their sacred land
Polytheistic
Many gods
Sculptures
Showing people as they were, not as what they wanted to be
Verism
Two main styles of sculptures prior to the romans
Egypt: iconic, less realistic and more focused on iconography and gods, stiff and formal
Greek: idealized, defined, informal, commonly depicting mythos and ideal Greek ideas and ideals
Negative Roman traits
· Conservative culture and lack of innovation · Class gap · Gender gap · Lack of human rights · Slavery · Attitude towards the mentally and physically challenged · Lack of animal rights · Lack of environmental concern · Violence and genocide · Religious intolerance · Attitude towards foreigners
Roman achievements and legacies
· Military, political, and administrative skills · Language · Literature · Jurisprudence and law · Engineering and architecture · Heath and sanitation · Art · Free entertainment and welfare
