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Chemisty > mid-term Review > Flashcards

mid-term Review Flashcards

0
Q

goal of the purpose

A

to tell what is being studied

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1
Q

six steps of the scientific method in order

A

Purpose, research, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

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2
Q

goal of the research

A

knowledge/information

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3
Q

goal of the hypothesis

A

educated guess

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4
Q

goal of the experiment

A

test hypothesis

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5
Q

goal of the analysis

A

work with data

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6
Q

goal of the conclusion

A

communicate results

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7
Q

what four points must be covered when writing a conclusion

A

relate the lab to lecture; explain if the hypothesis is right or wrong; sources of error; summary

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8
Q

what are the three sources of error

A

human error, instrument/equipment error, purity of the sample

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9
Q

how does chemistry impact your daily life and the world as a whole
(3 reasons)

A

color of clothing; many chemical changes we use to survive; center of the sciences

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10
Q

two types of changes that matter can undergo and the difference between them

A

chemical changes are the differences in matter on a molecular level

physical changes are the changes in the state of matter

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11
Q

two types of observations and the differences

A

qualitative- description

quantitative- measurments

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12
Q

2 ways to be successful in chemistry

A

study more on things you aren’t comfortable with and trial and error

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13
Q

a process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry

A

scientific method

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14
Q

what you witness and record while carrying out an experiment

A

observation

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15
Q

the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that materials undergo

A

chemistry

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16
Q

absolute truth and tells what happens

A

law

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17
Q

an explanation and tells why it happens

A

theory

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18
Q

the quantitative analysis consisting of two parts: a number and a unit

A

measurement

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19
Q

a method in which a number is expressed as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and the appropriate power of ten

A

scientific notation

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20
Q

182700000 in standard scientific notation and correct number of sig figs

A

1.87 X 10*7

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21
Q

5.80200 X 10*-3 in ordinary decimal form

A

0.00580200

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22
Q

SI unit for temp. in the metric system is

A

K- Kelvin

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23
Q

cubic centimeter is equivalent to what metric volume unit

A

milliliter (mL)

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24
Q

10*-2 labeled on the metric prefix line is

A

centi

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25
Q

number of megagrams in one microgram is

A

10*-12 Mg

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26
Q

number of sig figs in 1 inch = 2.54 cm

A

infinite

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27
Q

rules for sig figs

A

no leading zeros; trailing zeros you count the numbers; count the decimal; can’t count zeros if there is no explicit decimal

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28
Q

rules for adding sig figs

A

result is limited by the number with the smallest number of sig decimal figs

29
Q

rules for multiplying and dividing sig figs

A

result has to have the same number of sig figs as the measurement with the smallest amount of sig figs

30
Q

converting F - C

A

Tf =1.80(Tc)+32

31
Q

Converting F - K

A

T*f = 1.80(Tk-273)+32

32
Q

converting C - K

A

Tk = T*c+273

33
Q

converting from one unit to another unit without using conversion factors, which are based on equivalence statements

A

dimensional analysis

34
Q

amount of matter present in a given volume of a substance

A

density

35
Q

as the range of measurement shrinks

A

precision improves

36
Q

credited with putting the study of chemistry on a firm experimental basis

A

Boyle

37
Q

most abundant element in the inorganic and organic worlds

A

oxygen

38
Q

most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust in order

A

Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron

39
Q

most abundant elements in the human body

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

40
Q

Dalton’s theory states the fundamental particle of a chemical element is

A

atom

41
Q

alpha particle scattering experiment led him to conclude that the nucleus of an atom contains a dense center of positive charge was which scientist

A

Ernest Rutherford

42
Q

atoms emit tiny negative particles

A

JJ Thomas

43
Q

sub-atomic particle had the smallest mass

A

electron

44
Q

same atomic number but different atomic mass

A

isotopes

45
Q

equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

A

proton and electron

46
Q

sub-atomic particle that determines chemical behavior

A

electron

47
Q

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

48
Q

sub-atomic particles have the same mass

A

protons and neutrons

49
Q

calculate neutrons by

A

subtracting the

50
Q

discovered neutron in what year and who

A

1932

51
Q

oil drop experiment

A

Robert Millikan

52
Q

postulate that relates to the Law of Conservation of Matter

A

1

53
Q

sub-atomic particle determines identity

A

proton

54
Q

Told Rutherford that most of an atom was empty space

A

alpha particles traveled unimpeded through the foil

55
Q

Postulate 1: all matter is composed of ________ atom. an atom is an extremely small particle of matter that retains its identity during a chemical reaction

A

indivisible

56
Q

Postulate 2 and 3: an element is a type of matter composed of only one kind of atoms, each atom of a given kind having the same properties which means

all atoms of a given element are __________

all atoms of a different element are different

A

identical

57
Q

Postulate 4: atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same ____________ _____________ __________ ___________

A

relative number and types of atoms

58
Q

Postulate 5: atoms are indivisible in chemical processes. That is, atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. A _________
__________ simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together

A

Chemical Reaction

59
Q

element that helps metabolize sugars

A

Chromium

60
Q

element that helps the body maintain the proper calcium level in bones

A

manganese

61
Q

used to identify sources of illegal samples of elephant ivory

A

carbon

62
Q

proper function in thyroid

A

iodine

63
Q

used for treatment in manic depression

A

Litium

64
Q

Material of which the universe is composed and which has the following to characteristics: mass and volume

A

Matter

65
Q

physical seperation processes

A

chromatography, distillation, filtration, evaporation

66
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

67
Q

process that requires chemical methods

A

breaking a compound into is constituent

68
Q

state of matter that is compressible and able to flow

A

gaseous

69
Q

molecular motion is liquid state

A

slip and slide

70
Q

physical property that chromatography separates based on differences

A

adherence to the surface

Chemisty (5 decks)

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