Mid Term Exam - 2017 Flashcards
Be able to look at a diagram and know which is a mixture?
Use your study guide
What is an identifying characteristic of a mixture?
A mixture can be separated by physical means
By what means do you separated iron filings and salt?
Solubility
What is a true solution?
Homogeneous
Be able to know what a filtration system looks like
Use your study guide
Be able to know what a distillation system looks like
Use your study guide
Is concentrated hydrochloric acid is diluted with water a chemical or physical change?
Physical change
What substance can decompose by a chemical change?
water
Is air an example of an element or mixture?
Mixture
Be able to look at a diagram and determine if it is mixture of compounds?
Use your notes
Be able to look at a diagram and determine if it is a mixture of elements.
Use your notes
What is the process that is used to separate a mixture of elements?
Distillation
Be able to look at a diagram and determine if it is an example of heterogeneous mixture of elements and compounds
Use your notes
How would you describe a chemical property of the element iodine?
It reacts with hydrogen to form a gas
Is burning a chemical or physical change?
Chemical Change
What happens to the product with the lower boiling point when distillation is performed?
It condenses in a receiving flask
Who is the greek philosopher that was the first person to propose the idea that matter is made of tiny individual particles called atoms?
Democritus
What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
Different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
What discovery was due to the development of the cathode ray tube?
electrons
What did experimental evidence indicate about the nucleus of an atom?
It contains most of the mass of the atom
What conclusion was made with regard to the experiment about alpha particles being used to bombard gold foil?
Nucleus of an atom is smaller that the atom and positively charged
What did scientist concluded about atoms after bombarding a gold foil sheet with alpha particles?
Atoms consist mainly of empty space
What is the location in an atom called that is a region of most probable electron?
An orbital
What particle has the least mass?
An electron
Describe an electron
A smaller mass than a proton and negatively charged
What particle has a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit and a unit positive charge?
proton
What particle has about the same mass as a proton?
neutron
What two particles have most of the mass in the atom?
protons and neutrons
What is the definition of the atomic mass of an element?
The weighted average mass of that element’s naturally occurring isotopes
What principal energy level of an atom contains an electron with the lowest energy?
n = 1
Be able to write the electron configuration of elements
Use your notes
How many orbitals are in the s sublevel of an atom?
1
How many orbitals are in the 4f sublevel?
7
What sublevel contains the greatest number of orbitals?
f
What principal energy level has no f sublevel?
3
Be able to determine the number of COMPLETELY filled orbitals when you look at the electron configuration of an atom.
Use your notes
What is the maximum number of electrons that a single orbital of the 3d sublevel can contain?
2
What sublevel has a total of 5 orbitals?
d
What is the total number of orbitals in a d sublevel?
5
What MUST samples of elements that are radioactive contain?
Atoms with unstable nuclei
Why is carbon-13 less stable than carbon-12??
Carbon -13 has more neutrons
What particle has the greatest mass?
An alpha particle
In an electric field - what emanation is deflected toward the negative electrode?
Alpha particle
When an alpha particle is emitted by an atom the atomic number of the atom will . . . ?
Decrease by 2
What does the structure of an alpha particle look like?
Helium nucleus
What type of radiation is most similar to high-energy X-ray?
Gamma
What emission from a radioactive source is not affected by an electric field?
Gamma rays
Describe a gamma ray
No electric charge and no mass
How are all the elements arranged on the modern Periodic table?
Atomic number
Who was credited with creating the first periodic table that organized the elements according to atomic mass?
Dmitri Mendeleev
Compare a neon atom to a helium atom?
Neon has a smaller radius
Be able to determine which element has the largest atomic radius
Use your notes
Be able to determine which elements are arranged in decreasing atomic radii
Use your notes
Compare the atoms of metals to the atoms of nonmetals
Nonmetals have a higher electronegativities and lower ionization energies
Be able to determine electronegativity of elements
Use your notes
What type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
And ion bond
When ionic bonds are formed - what do metallic atoms tend to do?
Lose electrons and become positive ions
When metal atoms bond with nonmetal atoms - - what will the nonmetal atoms do?
Gain electrons and the resulting ions are larger
What type of bonds are formed when calcium atoms react with oxygen atoms?
Ionic bonds
What will happen when a potassium atom reacts with bromine - what will happen with the potassium atom?
Will lose only 1 electron
Be able to recognize an ionic compound
Use your notes
Be able to recognize an ionic bond
Use your notes
What type of bonding is characteristic of a substance that has a high melting point and electrical conductivity only in the liquid phase?
ionic bonding
Which compound in the solid state has a high melting point and conducts electricity when it is liquefied?
potassium chloride
What is the electronegativity value of an element?
A measure of the atoms ability to attract electrons
