Mid-Term Chapter 1-5

Question 1

Define “Infinite Loop”

Answer 1

Continues to repeat until the program is interrupted

Question 2

Define “Input Validation”

Answer 2

Process of inspecting data given to a program by the user and determining if it is valid

Question 3

The while loop is especially useful for…

Answer 3

Validating input.

If invalid input is entered a loop can require the user reenter it as many times as necessary.

Question 4

Define “Priming Read”

Answer 4

The read operation that takes place just before the loop.

It provides the first value for the loop to test. Subsequent values are obtained by the loop.

Question 5

A “counter” is a variable that is regularly…

Answer 5

incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates

Question 6

Sentinal controlled or sentinal value

Answer 6

Sentinel-controlled repetition is sometimes called indefinite repetition because it is not known in advance how many times the loop will be executed. It is a repetition procedure for solving a problem by using a sentinel value (also called a signal value, a dummy value or a flag value) to indicate “end of data entry”.

Question 7

The do-while Loop is a ______ loop.

Answer 7

posttest loop, which means its expression is tested after each iteration.

Question 8

What is the do-while format?

Answer 8

do
statement;
while (expression);

Question 9

user-controlled loop

Answer 9

allows the user to decide the number of iterations (for example, again? Y/N

Question 10

Use the do-while loop when you want the loop to run at least ____times

Answer 10

one time

Question 11

The do-while loop is a good choice for repeating a _____.

Answer 11

menu

Question 12

The for Loop is ideal for…

Answer 12

Performing a known number of iterations

Question 13

The count-controlled (for Loop) must have what 3 elements?

Answer 13

1. Initialize a counter variable to a starting value.

2. Test the counter variable by comparing it to a max value. When max reached, it terminates

Question 14

Flowchart

Answer 14

diagram that shows the logical flow of a program

Question 15

Pseudocode

Answer 15

cross between human language and a programming language
Ex
Get payroll data.
Calculate gross pay.
Display gross pay.
(provide more details even, Display: How many hours worked?
etc

Question 16

Logical errors

Answer 16

mistakes that cause the program to produce erroneous results (trace through to see the logic of each step in a hierarchy or pseudocode)

Question 17

desk-checking

Answer 17

programmer reads through program (or a portion) and steps through each statement. A sheet of paper is often used to jot down current contents of all variables and sketch what the screen looks like after each output operation; stepping through can catch many errors

Question 18

Compiler

Answer 18

translates each source code statement into the appropriate machine language statements; finds syntax errors

Question 19

Main Memory

Answer 19

RAM
Working Memory
Temporary
Memory the computer uses while it’s running a program

Question 20

Secondary Memory

Answer 20

Permanent Memory

Question 21

All programs must be loaded into ____ memory before they can be executed

Answer 21

All programs must be loaded into MAIN memory before they can be executed.

Question 22

Why is Main Memory (RAM) considered “Volatile”?

Answer 22

Because it is erased when the computer is turned off or when the program terminates.

Question 23

What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?

Answer 23

Operating System

Question 24

Computers can do many different jobs because they can be _______.

Answer 24

programmed

Question 25

The job of the ______ is to fetch instructions, carry out the operations commanded by the instructions, and produce some outcome or resultant information.

Answer 25

CPU

Question 26

Internally, the CPU consists of the ____ and the ____.

Answer 26

Control Unit and ALU (arithmetic and logic unit)

Question 27

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (of CPU)

Answer 27

performs the math operations

Question 28

Control Unit (of CPU)

Answer 28

Coordinates all of the computer’s operations

Question 29

A ______ is an example of a secondary storage device.

Answer 29

Disk

Question 30

The two general categories of software are _____ and _____.

Answer 30

System software and Application software.

Question 31

Words or names defined by the programmer are called …

Answer 31

Programmer defined identifiers

Question 32

A ________ is a named storage location

Answer 32

variable

Question 33

You can force an integer to be stored as a long integer by placing the letter __ at the _____ of the number.

Answer 33

L at the end. 
Example: 
int amount;
amount = 32L; 
Literal is treated as a long.

Question 34

On any computer, which data type uses more memory, an integer or an unsigned integer?

Answer 34

They use the same amount of memory.

Question 35

Is there an unsigned floating-point data type? If yes, what is it?

Answer 35

No.

Question 36

How would the followin number in scientific notation be representing in E notation?
6.31 x 10 (to the 17th)

Answer 36

6.31E17