Chapter 5 - Loops and Files Flashcards
Define: nested loop
A loop that is inside another loop
The fill member function of cout changes the fill character which is a _____ by default.
The fill member function of cout changes the fill character which is a SPACE by default.
If you use:
cout.fill(‘0’);
the fill function will cause a ___ to be printed in front of all single digit numbers.
ZERO
An inner loop goes through ___ of its iterations for EACH iteration of an outer loop.
ALL
Inner loops complete their iterations (faster/slower) than outer loops.
FASTER
To get the total number of iterations of a nested loops, multiply ….
the number of iterations of ALL loops.
Define writing data
process of saving data to the file
When a piece of data is written to a file, it is copied from a _______ in ______ to the ______.
When a piece of data is written to a file, it is copied from a VARIABLE in RAM to the FILE.
Define reading data
process of RETRIEVING data from a file
When a piece of data is READ from a file, it is copied from the _____ into a _____ in _____.
When a piece of data is read from a file it is copied from the FILE into a VARIABLE in RAM.
input file
file from which data is read
Input file is called an input file because the program gets ____ from the ____.
gets INPUT from the FILE.
When a file is used by a program, what 3 steps must be taken?
1) Open the file (connect the file to the program)
2) Process the file (data written/read to file)
3) Close the file (disconnect the file from the program)
What are the 2 types of files?
1) Text
2) Binary
File Access Methods - what are the 2 general ways to access data?
1) sequential-access file (like a tape)
2) random-access file (also known as direct access file) - like a CD
In order for a program to work with a file on the computer’s disk, the program must create a ____ _____ _____ in memory
file stream object
ofstream
output file stream
when you want to create a file and write data to it
ifstream
input file system
when you want to open an existing file and read data from it
fstream
file stream
can be used to open files for reading, writing or both
