Mid-Term

Question 1

Telecommuniting terms

Answer 1

flexible work
outwork 
location-independent 
flexiplace 
flexitime

Question 2

Five Models – To explain how IT has imploded inside the subaltern diasporic communities in the Bay Area, this presentation focuses on five topics:

Answer 2

“Digital marginality” 
“empowerment” 
“displacement” 
“technopolization” 
“globalization”

Question 3

“Digital marginality”

Answer 3

in reference to African Americans who have suffered from a double process of exclusion online and offline, as one type contributes to reinforce the other and vice versa

Question 4

“empowerment”

Answer 4

as individuals access to the internet or are introduced to it by government or grassroots organizations to ameliorate their economic conditions and social circumstances

Question 5

“displacement”

Answer 5

in reference to the flight of San Francisco Mission District Latinos to other quarters as a consequence of the invasion of the dotcomers that raised the cost of renting and contributed to the tightening of the house market

Question 6

“technopolization”

Answer 6

in reference to Indian immigrants’ ability to transform their neighborhood in Fremont into a technopolis, a success that other immigrant communities have been unable to achieve

Question 7

globalization

Answer 7

in reference to both penetration of ethnic enclaves by online marketers and the use of the Net by individuals to de-ghettoize their local conditions.

Question 8

E-government: Virtual City Design

3 Phases

Answer 8

Putting of static info on the web
Putting up transactions and e-revenue sites (online filing of taxes, e-voting, e-lobbying)
Re-engineering the process (transformation of building process, power relations)

Question 9

A. Definition of digital surveillance:

Answer 9

a. It is the art of collecting information – not available elsewhere for which permission may or may be given, that is with or without the knowledge or consent of the surveilled subject

Question 10

A. Definition of digital surveillance:

Answer 10

a. It is the art of collecting information – not available elsewhere for which permission may or may be given, that is with or without the knowledge or consent of the surveilled subject

Question 11

Hoteling or hot desking

Answer 11

Hoteling has been used to characterize forms of telecommuting that go beyond simply working from home
Employees in this category are not assigned a permanent desk at the central office, but must call ahead of time if they want to use the office facilities

Question 12

Digitization affects time in at least three temporal domains:

Answer 12

The home
The workplace
The worker

Question 13

The Digital Marginality Model

Answer 13

Social exclusion is a system of meanings and practices that operates at various levels and in various domains and tends to reproduce itself over time

Question 14

Exclusion-embedded Design

Answer 14

The design of the software and hardware is made for commercial profit and not for social inclusiveness

Question 15

Exclusion-embedded Appropriation

Answer 15

Since the tool is made for specific use, the publicity for its sale will target specific groups more than others
Exclusion is inscribed in the process at the publicity level
Exclusion at the publicity level privileges one group at the expense of the others.

Question 16

Exclusion-embedded access

Answer 16

There are various routes to access a computer
Those who can afford it buy it, those who work for a company may get one from their employer, or one may access a computer in public places that make such tools available to the public for free or for a fee such as the municipal library, the neighborhood kiosk, or the internet café.
The teaching of the skills allows people to use it

Question 17

Exclusion-embedded Usage

Answer 17

Lack of availability may restrict or limit usage
the person who must pay to use a database may decide not to use it
Usage for self-learning can be done at the neighborhood library, but this is not the place to do economic transactions

Question 18

Exclusion-embedded policy

Answer 18

Social exclusion can be generated by the public design of public policies
City governments design IT policies that discriminate against certain groups and that favor others, such as the business community
The business sector is seen as generating income while the poor neighborhoods are asking for entitlement

Question 19

Exclusion-embedded reproduction

Answer 19

The revolution in information technology can be seen as producing inequality because of lack of access, but it can also be seen as reinforcing inequality in the case of those who have already been marginalized
IT may also create the divide where it did not exist before as its introduction may marginalize those who cannot access the internet

Question 20

The Displacement/Gentrification Model

Answer 20

The model explains that the rise of the computer industry in Silicon Valley has affected some lower income communities more than others, which has resulted in the expulsion of community members to other city quarters (SF Mission District)

Question 21

The Diasporic Technopolis Model

Answer 21

The diasporic technopolis is conceived of as a high-tech enclave that is produced by elite labor migration, that displays a concentration of expertise in a given locale, and that reflects the technological work as a substantial segment of the group is engaged in (Indian community in Fremont)

Question 22

The Digital Globalization Model

Answer 22

This model presents the local and the global as two interacting aspects of the same continuum. It argues that IT allows residents to de-ghettoize themselves in using the Internet as a way of interacting with people outside their neighborhood. This expansion of interaction has economic, political, and social dimensions that can be transcribed in terms of profits accruing to these individuals.

Question 23

History of City Hall

Answer 23

Introduction of the computer to City Hall in SF was a slow process and done on a step-by-step basis, because staff training was selective, because the microcomputer was not made available to all employees, and because of the diversity of the software used.

Question 24

Actor of Surveillance

Answer 24

The state 
Individual 
Corporations 
Peers 
Predatory

Question 25

A. Definition of digital surveillance:

Answer 25

a. It is the art of collecting information – not available elsewhere for which permission may or may be given, that is with or without the knowledge or consent of the surveilled subject

Question 26

Exclusion-embedded Design

Answer 26

The design of the software and hardware is made for commercial profit and not for social inclusiveness

Question 27

Exclusion-embedded Appropriation

Answer 27

Since the tool is made for specific use, the publicity for its sale will target specific groups more than others