Mid Term

Question 1

What are the two things avoidable breakage can be classified as?

Answer 1

Bucking waste if less than 3m

Log if over 3m

Question 2

What act are R and W surveys carried out under?

Answer 2

Forest act
(Waste assessment policy, agreement/cutting permit documents)

Question 3

What is breakage?

Answer 3

Any piece meeting minimum diameter of TMS shorter than 3m and broken at the large or both ends

Question 4

What makes breakage avoidable?

Answer 4

If it is excessive or careless it is avoidable and included in the cut control volume

Question 5

What is bucking waste?

Answer 5

Any piece less than 3m in length cut too short to be of any use through careless bucking practice

Question 6

If a piece is cut at the top and broken at the butt it is classified as….

Answer 6

Trick question

• If it is in an accumulated sub pop. it is recorded as bucking waste
• If dispersed it is normal (unavoidable) breakage and not recorded.

Question 7

What is a standard example of bucking waste?

Answer 7

Tops are bucked at a diameter larger than TMS

Question 8

What is a log?

Answer 8

Any near round piece with more than half its original circumference remaining and is greater than 3m.

Question 9

What are unavoidable volumes?

Answer 9

Those that can not be removed due to physical impediments, environmental constraints or safety concerns.

Question 10

What is decked timber?

Answer 10

5 or more logs mechanically placed together in a deck

Question 11

What is road deactivation material?

Answer 11

Timber previously used in the construction of a culvert, bridge or right of way that has since been deactivated.

Question 12

3 reasons for R and W surveys?

Answer 12

Revenue to crown
Cut control
Utilization monitoring

Question 13

List the progression of more recent history on utilization.

Answer 13

Sympathetic admin (1980's) higher benchmarks due to recession
Zero tolerance 85-98 (all logs must go except for Y, otherwise full stumpage)
Take or Pay (current, must pay if your waste exceeds benchmarks)

Question 14

2 ways a sampling plan can be structured?

Answer 14

Individual blocks or aggregated

Question 15

4 sampling methods in surveys

Answer 15

Plot (P)
Measure (S)
Ocular (O)
Percent

Question 16

Minimum plots per stratum?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Why do we stratify?

Answer 17

Increases sampling precision, allowing for less necessary plots.

Question 18

If there is evidence of excessive breakage, how would you grade breakage?

Answer 18

as a 5m log

Question 19

How are stumps graded typically?

Answer 19

J if 13R or greater

U if 12R or less

Question 20

Logs less than 5 meters and bucked on the butt will be grades as if…

Answer 20

they were 5 m long

Question 21

How to grade bucking waste?

Answer 21

greater than 8 rad top: J

Less than 8 rad top: U

Question 22

Define Population, Sub population, stratification as they relate to R and W.

Answer 22

Population: Volume of waste left behind
Subpop: Accumulated (roadside/spot), dispersed and standing groups
Stratification: population is split into groups to increase sampling precision