Mid Term Flashcards
What are the two things avoidable breakage can be classified as?
Bucking waste if less than 3m
Log if over 3m
What act are R and W surveys carried out under?
Forest act (Waste assessment policy, agreement/cutting permit documents)
What is breakage?
Any piece meeting minimum diameter of TMS shorter than 3m and broken at the large or both ends
What makes breakage avoidable?
If it is excessive or careless it is avoidable and included in the cut control volume
What is bucking waste?
Any piece less than 3m in length cut too short to be of any use through careless bucking practice
If a piece is cut at the top and broken at the butt it is classified as….
Trick question
- If it is in an accumulated sub pop. it is recorded as bucking waste
- If dispersed it is normal (unavoidable) breakage and not recorded.
What is a standard example of bucking waste?
Tops are bucked at a diameter larger than TMS
What is a log?
Any near round piece with more than half its original circumference remaining and is greater than 3m.
What are unavoidable volumes?
Those that can not be removed due to physical impediments, environmental constraints or safety concerns.
What is decked timber?
5 or more logs mechanically placed together in a deck
What is road deactivation material?
Timber previously used in the construction of a culvert, bridge or right of way that has since been deactivated.
3 reasons for R and W surveys?
Revenue to crown
Cut control
Utilization monitoring
List the progression of more recent history on utilization.
Sympathetic admin (1980's) higher benchmarks due to recession Zero tolerance 85-98 (all logs must go except for Y, otherwise full stumpage) Take or Pay (current, must pay if your waste exceeds benchmarks)
2 ways a sampling plan can be structured?
Individual blocks or aggregated
4 sampling methods in surveys
Plot (P)
Measure (S)
Ocular (O)
Percent
Minimum plots per stratum?
2
Why do we stratify?
Increases sampling precision, allowing for less necessary plots.
If there is evidence of excessive breakage, how would you grade breakage?
as a 5m log
How are stumps graded typically?
J if 13R or greater
U if 12R or less
Logs less than 5 meters and bucked on the butt will be grades as if…
they were 5 m long
How to grade bucking waste?
greater than 8 rad top: J
Less than 8 rad top: U
Define Population, Sub population, stratification as they relate to R and W.
Population: Volume of waste left behind
Subpop: Accumulated (roadside/spot), dispersed and standing groups
Stratification: population is split into groups to increase sampling precision