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Criminal Justice > Mid-term > Flashcards

Mid-term Flashcards

1
Q

The criminal justice system is a system of _____ _____ and is designed to keep ___ ___

A

social control | Society safe

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2
Q

What two factors are needed for a robbery to take place

A

Force or fear

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3
Q

Under 200$ is a _________, 200$ and over is a ____.

A

Misdemeanor, Crime

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4
Q

Title “2C”

A

Criminal code of NJ

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5
Q

AFIS

A

Automated Fingerprint Indication System

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6
Q

Burglary

A

Entering a structure without being licensed or privileged with intentions of stealing

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7
Q

Theft

A

Stealing while being licensed or privileged to enter the structure

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8
Q

Latent Prints

A

Fingerprints that are left behind

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9
Q

Arraignment

A

the official reading of the charge

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10
Q

Title 39

A

driving code of Nj

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11
Q

PRISON

A

A year or more to be incarcerated

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12
Q

JAIL

A

Someone who has not been convicted and are in a holding facility until trial or bail

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13
Q

Night Reporting

A

Someone who is free during the day for work then come back to the jail at night

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14
Q

Indictment

A

Jury listens to the state evidence to prove probable cause

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15
Q

Due Process

A

Innocent until proven guilty

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16
Q

Misdemeanor aka ______ ______ _______

A

“Disorderly Persons Offense”

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17
Q

Filtering system

A

Involves plea bargaing

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18
Q

DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Agency

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19
Q

The classical school of criminology believes that…

A

people choose to commit crimes on their own

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20
Q

Felony means you are sentenced to a _____ or more in prison

A

Year

21
Q

Victim

A

Criminal in nature, not traffic, family problems, or acts of nature.

22
Q

Victimology (4)

A
  1. Who was victimized?
  2. What was the impact of the crime?
  3. What happens to the victim in the CJ System?
  4. What roles do victims play in causing the crime they suffer?
23
Q

Visible Crime

A

An offense against persons or property committed by members of the lower class and is usually the least profitable

24
Q

Violent Crime and 4 examples

A

Acts against people in which a death or physical injury results, treated as the most serious offenses and are punished by the CI system (homicide, rape, assault, robbery)

25
Q

Property Crimes and 4 examples

A

Acts that threaten property held by an individual or the state (larceny, shoplifting, embezzlement, and burglary)

26
Q

Public Order Crimes and 4 examples

A

Acts that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles (Public drunkness, aggressive panhandling, vandalism, disorderly conduct)

27
Q

Which type of crime is often referred to as “street crimes” or “ordinary crimes” and also the most upsetting crime to the public?

A

Visible Crime

28
Q

Occupational Crimes

A

offenses committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation, committed in the content of a legal business or profession and are usually never discovered.

29
Q

Organized Crime

A

A framework for the perpetration of criminal acts- usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution,- providing illegal services that are in great demand.

30
Q

Money Laundering

A

moving the proceeds criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks and broker age accounts so as to disguise their origin.

31
Q

Crimes without Victims

A
  • Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of illegal goods or services that are in strong demand.
  • Participants do not feel they are being harmed but these crimes are prosecuted on the ground that society as a whole is being harmed
32
Q

Political Crime

A

An act usually done for ideological purposes that constitutes a threat against the state such as treason, sedition, or espionage; also describes a criminal act by the state

33
Q

Cyber Crime

A

offenses that involve the use of one or more computers

34
Q

Hate Crimes are bias-motivated offenses that target people for their ___, _____, _____ _______, ______, or ______;

A 
Race
Religion
Sexual Orientation
Ethnicity
Disability
35
Q

T/F: Some states have also included crimes based on gender discrimination

A

True

36
Q

The law makes it a hate crime to vandalize ________ _______ or ______

A

Religious Buildings or Cemeteries

37
Q

Hate Crimes have been challenged on the ground that they violate which right?

A

Free Speech

38
Q

Some argue that hate crime slurs must be allowed based on the ______ _________

A

First Amendment

39
Q

T/F: Supporters of hate crime laws counter that some words are so hateful they fall outside free speech protection of the First Amendment

A

True

40
Q

Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993)

A

US Supreme Court upheld a law providing for a severer sentence in cases in which the offender “intentionally selects the person against whom the crime is committed because of race, religion color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin, or ancestry of that person.”

41
Q

Virginia v. Black (2003)-

A

US Supreme Court decided that states can make it a crime to burn a cross with the intent to intimidate people. They rejected the argument that cross burning, a traditional ritual act by the KKK, a white supremacist organization with a violent history, constitutes a protected form of free expression.

42
Q

Sociological Explanations

A

Emphasized as causes of criminal behavior the social conditions that bear on the individual

43
Q

Anomie

A

Breakdown or disappearance of the rules of social behavior

44
Q

Social Process Theories

A

See criminality as normal behavior

45
Q

Learning Theories

A

Criminal behavior is learned just as legal behavior is learned

46
Q

Differential Association

A

People become criminals because they encounter more influences that view criminal behavior as normal and acceptable than influences that are hostile to criminal behavior

47
Q

Biological Explanations

A

Empasize physiological and neurological factors that may predispose a person to commit crimes- genetic make-up, body type, and IQ outweigh social factors

48
Q

Positivist Criminology

A

Views behavior as stemming from social, biological, and psychological factors- body, mind, and environment of the offender

Criminal Justice (3 decks)

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