Mid-term Flashcards
The criminal justice system is a system of _____ _____ and is designed to keep ___ ___
social control | Society safe
What two factors are needed for a robbery to take place
Force or fear
Under 200$ is a _________, 200$ and over is a ____.
Misdemeanor, Crime
Title “2C”
Criminal code of NJ
AFIS
Automated Fingerprint Indication System
Burglary
Entering a structure without being licensed or privileged with intentions of stealing
Theft
Stealing while being licensed or privileged to enter the structure
Latent Prints
Fingerprints that are left behind
Arraignment
the official reading of the charge
Title 39
driving code of Nj
PRISON
A year or more to be incarcerated
JAIL
Someone who has not been convicted and are in a holding facility until trial or bail
Night Reporting
Someone who is free during the day for work then come back to the jail at night
Indictment
Jury listens to the state evidence to prove probable cause
Due Process
Innocent until proven guilty
Misdemeanor aka ______ ______ _______
“Disorderly Persons Offense”
Filtering system
Involves plea bargaing
DEA
Drug Enforcement Agency
The classical school of criminology believes that…
people choose to commit crimes on their own
Felony means you are sentenced to a _____ or more in prison
Year
Victim
Criminal in nature, not traffic, family problems, or acts of nature.
Victimology (4)
- Who was victimized?
- What was the impact of the crime?
- What happens to the victim in the CJ System?
- What roles do victims play in causing the crime they suffer?
Visible Crime
An offense against persons or property committed by members of the lower class and is usually the least profitable
Violent Crime and 4 examples
Acts against people in which a death or physical injury results, treated as the most serious offenses and are punished by the CI system (homicide, rape, assault, robbery)
Property Crimes and 4 examples
Acts that threaten property held by an individual or the state (larceny, shoplifting, embezzlement, and burglary)
Public Order Crimes and 4 examples
Acts that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles (Public drunkness, aggressive panhandling, vandalism, disorderly conduct)
Which type of crime is often referred to as “street crimes” or “ordinary crimes” and also the most upsetting crime to the public?
Visible Crime
Occupational Crimes
offenses committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation, committed in the content of a legal business or profession and are usually never discovered.
Organized Crime
A framework for the perpetration of criminal acts- usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution,- providing illegal services that are in great demand.
Money Laundering
moving the proceeds criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks and broker age accounts so as to disguise their origin.
Crimes without Victims
- Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of illegal goods or services that are in strong demand.
- Participants do not feel they are being harmed but these crimes are prosecuted on the ground that society as a whole is being harmed
Political Crime
An act usually done for ideological purposes that constitutes a threat against the state such as treason, sedition, or espionage; also describes a criminal act by the state
Cyber Crime
offenses that involve the use of one or more computers
Hate Crimes are bias-motivated offenses that target people for their ___, _____, _____ _______, ______, or ______;
Race Religion Sexual Orientation Ethnicity Disability
T/F: Some states have also included crimes based on gender discrimination
True
The law makes it a hate crime to vandalize ________ _______ or ______
Religious Buildings or Cemeteries
Hate Crimes have been challenged on the ground that they violate which right?
Free Speech
Some argue that hate crime slurs must be allowed based on the ______ _________
First Amendment
T/F: Supporters of hate crime laws counter that some words are so hateful they fall outside free speech protection of the First Amendment
True
Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993)
US Supreme Court upheld a law providing for a severer sentence in cases in which the offender “intentionally selects the person against whom the crime is committed because of race, religion color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin, or ancestry of that person.”
Virginia v. Black (2003)-
US Supreme Court decided that states can make it a crime to burn a cross with the intent to intimidate people. They rejected the argument that cross burning, a traditional ritual act by the KKK, a white supremacist organization with a violent history, constitutes a protected form of free expression.
Sociological Explanations
Emphasized as causes of criminal behavior the social conditions that bear on the individual
Anomie
Breakdown or disappearance of the rules of social behavior
Social Process Theories
See criminality as normal behavior
Learning Theories
Criminal behavior is learned just as legal behavior is learned
Differential Association
People become criminals because they encounter more influences that view criminal behavior as normal and acceptable than influences that are hostile to criminal behavior
Biological Explanations
Empasize physiological and neurological factors that may predispose a person to commit crimes- genetic make-up, body type, and IQ outweigh social factors
Positivist Criminology
Views behavior as stemming from social, biological, and psychological factors- body, mind, and environment of the offender
