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Dialysis > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four steps of the CQI process

A

Plan do check act

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2
Q

What are the different ways hemodialysis can be done

A

Standard in Center, nocturnal in center, standard home, nocturnal home, hemodialysis

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3
Q

Prior to 1973 who chose which patients would receive dialysis

A

Life-and-death committees

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4
Q

KIDNEY failure is the only disease with it’s own Medicare program true or false

A

True

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5
Q

What are ways to be professional

A

Follow dress code, neat and clean appearance, good attitude, arriving to work on time,

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6
Q

Medicare has present standards that all dialysis facilities must achieve or they risk losing Medicare certification. True or false

A

True

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7
Q

Medicare pays what percent of the cost of dialysis

A

80%

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8
Q

It is okay to drink in the clinical area, as long as there is a lid on true or false

A

False

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9
Q

What is the single most effective way to protect yourself from infection

A

Good hand hygiene

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10
Q

Peritoneal dialysis works for using a catheter in the abdomen true or false

A

True

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11
Q

Hemodialysis works for using which of the following?

Fistula
Catheter 
Graft
None 
All the above
A

All of the above

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12
Q

The dialysis outcomes of quality initiative guidelines did not include?

Anemia
Vascular access
HD adequacy
Transportation

A

Transportation

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13
Q

Which of the following are the three most common causes of renal failure?

A

Diabetes, hypertension,glomerulonephritis !

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14
Q

Homeostasis is defined as

A

Constant balance within the body

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15
Q

Estimated dry weight is the weight of the patients if they had normal kidney function or with no extra water on them. True or false

A

True

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16
Q

One of the medications given to renal patients to improve anemia is ?

A

Epogen

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17
Q

Dominating the conversation is afraid of active listening.true or false

A

False

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18
Q

The types of acute renal failure are?

A

Pre-, intra-and post

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19
Q

Most kidney disease attacks the ???causing them to lose their filtering capacity

A

Nephron

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20
Q

Kidney disease is defined in

A

Stages

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21
Q

Chronic renal failure is a rapid loss of kidney function true or false

A

False

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22
Q

Common symptoms of anemia include.select all that apply.

Fatigue
Dizziness
Hungry
Short of breath
Depressed
A

Fatigue, dizziness, short of breath

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23
Q

The doctrine functions of the kidney include

A

Erythropoietin The active form of vitamin D

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24
Q

Patients with kidney disease often complain of itching which is likely to be caused by

A

Hyperphosphatemia

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25
Q

Why do kidney patients often have bone disease

A

The kidney stops producing Calcitrol

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26
Q

See KD also known as chronic kidney disease patients must remember to take their ???? with each meal

A

Binders

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27
Q

Which lab is most commonly used to measure kidney function

A

BUN

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28
Q

When a patient’s potassium is 12 mg/DL there’s no cause for concern. True or false.

A

False

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29
Q

What are the different treatment options available when having chronic kidney disease.

A

Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplant, and palliative care

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30
Q

At what stage of chronic kidney disease to patients begin dialysis

A

Stage 5

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31
Q

A chronic kidney disease patients in the hospital orders a meal select which meal is the most appropriate.

6 ounces of salmon, asparagus, 10 ounces of water and a Jell-O cup

6 ounces of grilled chicken steamed green beans biscuit and 6 ounces of water

8 ounces grilled steak, squash, 8 ounces of cola, and a pudding cup

Chicken noodle soup, one piece of white bread, 6 ounces of water and a banana

A

6 ounces of grilled chicken, steamed green beans, biscuit and 6 ounces of water

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32
Q

What are some symptoms of Uremia? select all that apply

Fatigue
Binge eating
Itching
Edema
Foamy,bubbly urine
Nocturia
Irregular heartbeat
A

Fatigue, itching, edema, foamy bubbly urine, and nocturia

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33
Q

Match the labs with the correct value:

Potassium 1.2
Calcium 3.0-6.0
Phosphorus >4
Albumin 3.5-5.5
KT/V 8.5-10.5

A 
Potassium 3.0 to 6.0
Calcium 8.5–10.5
Phosphorus 3.0–6.0
Albumin >4
KT/V 1.2
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34
Q

Why do you chronic kidney disease patients have to limit there and take a phosphorus and this two foods that are high and prosperous

A

Salmon and cheese
And patients with chronic kidney disease the body already cannot get rid of phosphorus so we just turn into phosphate in the body

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35
Q

Not following scientifically accepted principles and practices of infection control grounds for charges a professional misconduct.true or false

A

True

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36
Q

Persons who are asymptomatic May readily transmit infection if they are colonized, are incubating an infection, or chronic carrier of the infectious agent. True or false

A

True

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37
Q

Impairment of host offenses against infection may result from extremes of age, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, injury, or chemotherapy. True or false

A

True

38
Q

Using appropriate hand hygiene products and procedures is the single most effective means of preventing the spread of infection. True or false

A

True

39
Q

Every patient is treated using standard precautions while some patients also require transmission – based isolation precautions. True or false

A

True

40
Q

Recapping needles is prohibited unless you use the following two-handed recapping method: placing a On a flat surface, grasp the needle firmly in one hand, remove Needle, place needle into the cap
True or false

A

False

41
Q

Possibly contagious tuberculosis patients should be identified as soon as possible and isolated in the negative pressure room if one is available.true or false

A

True

42
Q

Appropriate BBF protective attire for your eyes includes face shields and goggles. Your regular glasses are also appropriate if you wear a baseball cap with them. True or false

A

False

43
Q

Rather then determining which protective barrier attire you need for anticipated risk of exposure you should wear gloves, gown, mask, and goggles for every patient contact.true or false

A

False

44
Q

Hand hygiene must be employed after removing gloves because gloves do not completely prevent penetration of bacteria and viruses.true or false

A

True

45
Q

Appropriate levels of knowledge of this infection/sterilization methods, and agents used are based on the area of professional practice and scope of responsibility. True or false

A

True

46
Q

Prior to employment healthcare workers are assessed for overall health and immunization status.true false

A

True

47
Q

The New York State division of health requires that cases of certain communicable diseases be reported to county and state health department so that screening and or treatment can be provided to contacts. True or false

A

True

48
Q

The first up after receiving a contaminated needlestick or a blood body fluid exposure is to thoroughly and Methodically evaluate the incident report to see what changes of practice or safety device could have prevented the exposure. True or false

A

False

49
Q

A person who is a source of a blood exposure must give consent before he is tested for HIV. True or false

A

True

50
Q

Practice limitations, if any, on a HCW infected with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C, should be determined on a case-by-case basis considering the factors that influence the risk of transmission. True or false

A

True

51
Q

Diffusion is the movement of particles from

A

An area of higher concentration

52
Q

Negative pressure is pressure created when fluid is pulled through restriction such as a blood true or false

A

True

53
Q

During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when

A

Water is removed from the blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate

54
Q

What will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across a semi permeable membrane

A

Hi concentration gradients

55
Q

The purpose of using countercurrent flow is to

A

Increase the rate of waste removal

56
Q

What’s can dialysis staff do to reduce the risk of being infected with a blood borne pathogen

A

Proper handwashing wear protective clothing and don’t eat or drink in the work area

57
Q

A solution is a mixture of what

A

Solute and solvent

58
Q

Sollecks does all best and warmer temperatures is this true or false

A

True

59
Q

The filter in the dialyzer is what kind of membrane

A

Semi permeable

60
Q

A solution with a lower level of solids of them blood is called what

A

Hypotonic

61
Q

What is osmosis

A

A solvent moves from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration.

62
Q

During dialysis we only can remove water and sound from which fluid compartment

A

Intravascular

63
Q

A solution with the same level of solutes than blood is called what

A

Iso tonic

64
Q

Name a solution we use during dialysis that has the same level of solids then blood

A

Normal saline, dialysate

65
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion and dialysis?select all that apply.

Temperature
Surface area
Membrane permeability
The weather

A

Temperature, surface area, membrane permeability.

66
Q

The dialysate bath is composed so that

A

It prevents the removal of essential electrolytes, and it removes waste from the blood.

67
Q

The normal range of potassium is what

A

3 to 6

68
Q

Name one food that is high in potassium

A

Bananas

69
Q

Which of the following are the three most common causes of renal failure

A

Diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis

70
Q

Kenny failure is the only disease with its own Medicare program true or false

A

True

71
Q

Final bonus how do we remove fluid in taxes from all the fluid compartments in the body if dialysis can only clean the blood in the bloodstream

A

Ultrafiltration/solution such as isotonic hypertonic and hypotonic

72
Q

After mixing which of the following is not present in the final dialysate composition

Bio carbonate
Sodium
Glucose
Urea

A

Urea

73
Q

Dialysate that is too hot can cause

A

Hemolysis

74
Q

In the Extracorporeal Circuit what negative pressure is monitored before the blood, indicating how well but is flowing out of the access

A

Arterial pressure

75
Q

During hemodialysis which body fluid compartment is food removed from

A

Intravascular

76
Q

When a major blood leak occurs while on a machine the blood is returned immediately true or false

A

False

77
Q

What does dialysate mainly consist of

A

Water

78
Q

Two things that affect the dialyzer’s ability to remove waste from the body include

A

Surface area and molecular weight cut off

79
Q

Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What would a solution be?

A

Bicarbonate sodium and potassium

80
Q

What are the two compartments of the dialyzer

A

Dialysate and blood

81
Q

Why are synthetic dialysis membranes more biocompatible

A

They absorb more proteins in the blood

82
Q

What coefficient represents the amount of water that will pass through a membrane at a given pressure

A

Ultrafiltration coefficient

83
Q

How many times is the pH and conductivity checked prior to starting a patient’s treatment

A

Twice

84
Q

What are the ways heparin can be administered while on treatment

A

A bolus or continuous infusion

85
Q

Blood leak detectors are extremely sensitive and can determine

A

Blood leakage immediately

86
Q 
Which of the following is not a dialyzer characteristic
Capacity
Clarence
Biocompatibility
Molecular weight cut off
A

Capacity

87
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the extracorporeal circuit

But the detector
Blood pump
Heparin infusion line
Drip chamber

A

Blood leak detector

88
Q

Which of the following best describes the transducer protector

Pump that moves the blood through the Extracorporeal Circuit

Device inside machine that converts air pressure into an electrical signal

Tubing that carries blood from the patient access to the dialyzer and back to the access

System that removes water from the blood

A

Device inside machine that converts air pressure into electrical signal

89
Q

Contained inside the cell is known as

A

Intracellular

90
Q

Why do patients need iron supplementation

A

Iron is necessary for maturation and formation of red blood cells

91
Q

Dialysate that has two little sodium can cause

A

Low blood pressure, cramping and bursting of red blood cells

92
Q

Two main types of dialysis are

A

Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis

Dialysis (3 decks)

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