Mid-Term Flashcards
What are qualities of a good disinfectant?
- Should not destroy body tissues or act as a poison
- Attacks all types of microorganisms
- Penetrates material being disinfected
What is a cold chemical sterilant?
Glutaraldehyde
The most powerful means of sterilizing
Steam under pressure
Cold temperatures do not kill bacteria but simply slows their metabolic processes (T/F)
True
Large one-celled organisms that are eucaryotic
Protozoa
The disease that follows the initial disease
Secondary
These microorganisms are adaptable either to the presence or the absence of atmospheric oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteria that return nitrogen from the air to the soil in the form of nitrates for use by other plants
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
The cycle when the viral genetic material may remain latent or inactive in the cell and be transferred to each daughter cell when it divides
Lysogenic cycle
These organisms usually don’t produce disease as a part of their normal life cycle but will do so if given the chance
Opportunistic pathogens
Plant cells are:
Eukaryotic
In this type of infection the organism is confined to one area, but later enters the blood and / or lymph systems and spreads to other parts to become a systemic infection
Focal infections
Microorganisms used in vaccines
Attenuated
This division of microbiology is concerned with the spread and control of infectious diseases among animals, and the transmission of diseases from animals to humans
Veterinary
In this phase of bacterial growth, cell division equals cell death
Stationary
A disease that may be transmitted from one individual to another, either directly or indirectly
Communicable
The function of the mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell
Produce power for the cell by making ATP
A gram-negative organism will stain:
Red
This type of association is harmful to one of the organisms
Parasitism
Endospores are not used as a means of survival (T/F)
False
A spherically shaped bacteria
Cocci
Which of the following is always an obligate intracellular parasite
- Rickettsia
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Richettsia
* Viruses
The presence of poisons produced by bacteria in the blood
Septicemia
Bacteria use sex pili as a means of transferring genetic material (T/F)
True
These organisms cannot make their own food
Heterotrophs
The lowest temperature at which a species will grow
Minimum temperature
Acts as a disinfectant as well as an antipolymerizing agent for formaldehyde
Methanol
The nucleus of _____ is membrane bound
Eukaryotes
Which part of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Plasmyolysis is the shrinking of a cell (T/F)
True
The act of introducing disease-causing organisms or infected material into an area or substance
Contamination
Their enzyme systems are inactivated by free oxygen
Strict anaerobes
This type of association is beneficial to both of the organisms
Mutualism
Quaternary ammonium compounds are inactivated in the presence of soap (T/F)
True
In the eukaryotic cell the function of lysosomes is to:
Destroy worn out cell parts
The study of fungi
Mycology
Which of the following is the smallest organism
- Bacteria
- Chlamydia
- Viruses
- Protozoa
Viruses
The alcohol washes away the primary stain in the Gram negative bacteria because:
The Gram negative bacteria has a thinner cell wall
These consist of a genome surrounded by a capsid composed of many small protein units called capsomeres
Viruses
Binary fission is a means of:
Bacterial reproduction
Thermophiles
Heat loving microorganisms
This type of control of microorganisms is applied to a living body
Antisepsis
Capnophiles require an increase in oxygen for optimum growth (T/F)
False
A type of infection that originates outside of the organism
Exogenous
Disease causing microorganisms are:
Pathogens
If a person inherits two genes that are the same, he is said to be:
Homozygous
Generalized edema
Anasarca
Color blindness is the result of sex-linked inheritance (T/F)
True
Which of the following moves throughout the blood stream?
- Emboli
- Thrombi
Emboli
Which type of embolism is the result of crushing injuries to bones
Fat
Recessive genes manifest themselves when the person is:
Homozygous for the trait
This type of immunity occurs when the patient is given immune serum
Passive
This disease is characterized by the presence of flipper-like stunted limbs
Phocomelia
The production of activated lymphocytes is the result of:
Cell-mediated immunity
Bleeding from the nose
Epistaxis
Metastases are the result of septic emboli (T/F)
False
A disease that originates in the hospital
Nosocomial
An autoimmune inflammatory disease that can be mild or severe
Lupus Erythematosus
A collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
Hydrothorax
Indications of a disease or disorder that are observed or detected by a physician
Sign
An autoimmune disease results when the body’s tolerance system fails (T/F)
True
Hyperplasia is due to:
An increase in the number of cells
An accumulation of pus formed as a result of infection by microorganisms
Abscess
Most gangrene is characterized by the odor of rotting flesh (T/F)
True
This type of exudate involves pus
Suppurative
A disease that suddenly occurs in a large number of people
Epidemic
The process by which a disease originates and develops
Pathogenesis
The rate of disease
Morbidity rate
A protective tissue response to injury or invasion by disease producing organisms
Inflammation
The shrinking or wasting away of a tissue or organ due to a reduction in the size of the cells
Atrophy
Small hemorrhages that are visible on the skin
Petechia
A pathological process in which various substances or cells pass into the tissues to form abnormal accumulations
Infiltration
An increase in the severity of symptoms of a disease
Exacerbation
This is a false membrane of fiber
Pseudomembrane
During inflammation, histamine causes the capillaries to:
Become more permeable
This form of spina bifida is characterized by a dimpling of the skin and tuft of hair over the vertebral defect
Occulta
What is a cardinal sign of inflammation
Swelling
Sickle cell anemia:
- Is generally confined to blacks
- Is autosomal recessive
- Results in deformed blood cells
A mass formed from the constituents of the blood on the inner surface of the heart or a blood vessel
Thrombus
Any deviation or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs
Disease
All forms of spina bifida are fatal (T/F)
False
A small blister containing pus
Pustule
A bruise
Ecchymosis
Deals with the various laboratory procedures that are used in making a medical diagnosis
Clinical pathology
Down’s Syndrome is the result of an extra chromosome (T/F)
True
The patient appears to be male but has small testes that fail to mature and produce sperm
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Hyperplasia may result in tumor formation (T/F)
True
Edema of the scrotum
Hydrocele
An unusually large flow of blood to a part
Hyperemia
Enlargement of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the number of the cells
Hyperplasia
The study of disease, its causes, mechanisms, and effects on the body
Pathology
A disease that has a short and relatively severe course
Acute
