mid term 2 Flashcards by liv triola

ovary associated structures

follicles; corpus luteum

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ovary functions

Follicles: contain ova/oocytes
Corpus Luteum (CL): remnant
of follicle, supports pregnancy

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oviduct associated structures

fallopian tube

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oviduct functions

catches ova after ovulation, sperm passes through

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uterus associated structures

uterine body

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unterus functions

gestates offspring, embryo attaches to lining

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cervix structues

rigid thick connective tissue/ caudal

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cervix functions

sperm enter female repro system here, secretes mucus for sperm transport

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vagina structure

outermost portion of female repro system

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vagina function

passageway for semen/fetus and placenta, site of semen deposition

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testes structure

tubular network surrounded by support tissue

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testes function

manufacture sperm

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scrotum structure

2 lobed sack

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scrotum function

protects and supports testes (provides temp regulation)

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epididymis structure

head- caput; body-corpus; tail-cauda`

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epididymis function

sperm mature here until ejaculated

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ductus deferens structure

tube extended from epididymias

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ductus deferens function

transport sperm

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spermatic cord structure

large and muscular network

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spermatic cord functions

suspends testes in scotum; pathway to and from body; protects ductus deferens

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accessory sex glands structure

prostate, vesicular, bulbourethral and ampulla

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accessory sex glands functions

secrete components of seminal fluid

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urethra structure

muscular tube; pelvic & penile

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urethra function

transport of sperm, seminal fluids and urine

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penis structure

base, shaft, glands

penis function

passageway for sperm and urine out of male tract

ovary associated hormones

follicles= estrogen/estradiol; CL= progesterone

testes associated hormones

testosterone

what is released from hypothalamus?

gonadotropin (GnRH)

What is released from the pituitary in response to the hypothalamic hormone?

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is released from the gonads in response to the pituitary hormone?

estrogen and testes

Prostaglandin F2 alpha function

causes increased smooth muscle tone, resulting in diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bronchoconstriction, and an increase in blood pressure.

Oxytocin function?

stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and lactation after childbirth

Melatonin

regulates pregnancy and puberty

why would you administer progesterone into female?

decrease amount of estrogen in uterus

why would you administer Prostaglandin F2alpha into female?

estrus synchronization in cattle and horses

ovulation

mature egg is released from ovary

puberty

reproductive maturation

parturition

act of giving birth

estrous cycle

cycles of with brief periods of receptivity to estrus

proestrus

growth of follicles/regression of old CL

estrus

ovulation of follicle

metestrus

CL formation

diestrus

Max CL function, embryo implantation, establishment of pregnancy

seasonal breeders

day light length controls season of breeding

short day breeders

Sheep/Goats – cycles in Fall/Winter

long day breeders

Mares – cycles in Spring/Summer

gestation

growth and development of offspring in the uterus

dystocia

problem during birth

stage one of parturition

prepatory stage: fetus rotates into position; cervix begins to dilate

stage two of parturition

expulsion stage: uterus begins to contract more frequently; fetus is expelled from birth canal

stage three of parturition

cleaning stage: placenta or afterbirth is expelled from body

castration

removal of balls

vasectomized male

Typically males with low genetic merit.

teaser male

vasectomized male used to detect females in estrus

Gomer Bull

vasectomized bull

Artificial Vagina/phantom

used to collect semen from males for AI

extender

has nutrients; used to evaluate semen

estrous Synchronization

hormonal manipulation to get female into estrus

superovulation

Females are treated with a series of Follicle Stimulating Hormone injections to increase the numbers of follicles on their ovaries

In vitro fertilization

oocytes recovered from female are fertilized in a lab

Breeding Soundness Exam

Complete evaluation of reproductive potential of the male

Azoospermia

No sperm in ejaculate

What items are evaluated in semen during either a BSE or for AI?

Reproductive History  General physical examination of genital organs  Libido and mating ability  Sperm production  Sperm quality

proteins broken down

amino acids

carbohydrates broken down

fatty acids, sugar and starch

fats broken down

Triglycerides

6 classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates * Protein * Fats/lipids * Minerals * Vitamins * Water