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Psych 1200 > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Reportive definitions?

A

Dictionary definition

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2
Q

What are Stipulative Definitions?

A

Specialized concepts or vocab to the academic field

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3
Q

True or False

Psychology is based on scientific knowledge/proof.

A

True

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4
Q

Define Lay Definition.

A

Simplified explanation of term/concept used in everyday media or conversation

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5
Q

What are opinions?

A

False, faulty, invalid, info said for no reason at all

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6
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

Influenced by our personal desires and expectation rather than objective reality

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7
Q

Define Prestige Bias.

A

Uncritical acceptance of the that hold high statue regardless of their knowledge of the topic.

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8
Q

What is fast thinking?

A

Thinking that lacks careful understanding and reflection of a stimulus

Jumping to conclusion

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9
Q

What is the critical thinking diagram?

A

S: Stimuli
R: Reasoning
A: Action

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10
Q

What are the other aspects of the reasoning, in slow thinking?

A

U: Understanding (Careful observation)
A: Acceptability of language (Clear,Objective,Truthful, Descriptive)
R: Relevance (Valid adequate reasons)
E: Enough Evidence (Enough evidence to supporting the idea)

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11
Q

How can it be considered a Knowledge?

A
  • High degree of accuracy or truth
  • Be Rational
  • Careful deliberate consideration of stimulus
  • Based on critical thinking
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12
Q

How is knowledge gained?

A
  • By scientific method
  • Understanding
  • Evaluation
  • Empirical verification
  • Debate/Rational argumentation
  • Publications of research
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13
Q

What makes a good scientist?

A
  • Good scientist are humble
  • Understanding more important than being right
  • Not flawless, helps us grasp a better understanding of how the world works
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14
Q

Define Dogma.

A

Beliefs or principles considered to be true without question or evidence

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15
Q

True or False

Some offer bigger slice than the others, but none can explain the whole thing

A

True

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16
Q

What is the Definition of Etymological ?

A

Study of the origin and history of words and including how their meanings and usages change over time.

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17
Q

What are the two directions emotion can drive us?

A
  • Upwards towards reason
  • Downward towards unreason
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18
Q

Does being moved downward is critical thinking is hindered or deliberate?

A

Hindered and obliderated

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19
Q

Are the mind and brain the same thing?

A

No they are not,

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20
Q

Can you have a mind without the brain?

A

No you can’t

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21
Q

What does the brain control?

A

Human body with billions of neurons and other cells.

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22
Q

How is the brain studies?

A

MRI or CT

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23
Q

What fields studies the psyche?

A
  • Psychology
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Philosophy
  • Cognitive science
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24
Q

Who was Sigmund Frued?

A

Neurologist at first, Studied the brain, Father of psychology

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25
Q

What did Freud believe?

A

Psychological suffering did not necessarily have organic origin

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26
Q

What are the three layers of the mind?

A
  1. Conscious
  2. Pre-Conscious
  3. Unconscious
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27
Q

Define the theatre of the mind.

A
  • Centre stage is Conscious
  • Dimly lit peripheral areas are the preconscious
  • Backstage is unconscious
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28
Q

How many component of a psychological experience?

A

Two Components

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29
Q

What are the two components of a psychological experience?

A

Thought (Idea)
Affect (Emotion)

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30
Q

True or False

They are glued, they can not be UNLinked and RELinked

A

False

Not glued, they can be UNLinked and RELinked

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31
Q

What are false connections and original corrections?

A
  • False connection is what someone is taking anger or feelings out on
  • Original connection is the original root of that feeling/emotion
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32
Q

What is the process of displaced emotions?

A

1) Consciousness- A link between an emotion and an idea
2) To protect themself they Unlink the threatening emotion from the target emotion
3) Relinking occurs, Relink the emotion to something else

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33
Q

What was Freuds opinion on emotion?

A

They can be displaced or disguised as other emotions

Often worse than the original

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34
Q

True or False

Suppression amplifies the intensity of distressing emotion.

A

True

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35
Q

Describe an I statement.

A

I feel ____ when you do this_____.

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36
Q

What are the two types of guilt?

A

1) Reparative guilt: Good type focus on not me,
2) Narcissistic guilt: Bad type, beat yourself up

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37
Q

How do we figure out the meaning of something?

A

Through contrast

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38
Q

What are two things on the Multidimensional Scaling?

A
  1. Arousal: how active or passive an emotional experience in terms of bodily arousal
  2. Valence: How positive or negative an emotional experience is considered
39
Q

What three components you involved in emotions?

A

1) Body (physiological)
2) Mind (Thinking,labeling,interpreting, Cognitive
3) Behaviour (Action)

40
Q

Name the 5 theories of emotion?

A
  1. James-Lange Theory
  2. Cannon-Bard Theory
  3. Two factor Theory
  4. Ledoux Theory
  5. The Slow and Fast pathways
41
Q

What is the James-Lange Theory?

A

Stimulus triggers a reaction in the body which then leads to an emotional experience in the mind

42
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?

A

Body and emotion reaction at the same time.

43
Q

What is the Two factor Theory?

A

Body reaction then mind gives it a label then reacts

44
Q

What is the Ledoux Theory?

A

Emotions can also be experienced without conscious awareness

Slow and Fast pathways

45
Q

What three places does the info go through during slow pathways to reach the reaction?

A

Thalamus, Cortex, Amygdala

46
Q

What two places does the info go through during fast pathways to reach the reaction?

A

Thalamus and amygdala

47
Q

What is the job of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Evaluate danger and how important the stimulus is

48
Q

What are the four approaches to motivation?

A
  1. instinctual
    2.Biological/Physiological/Anatomic
    3.Psychological
    4.Socio-Cultural
49
Q

Define instinctual motivation.

A

Inherited, fixed behavioural pattern across a species, Unlearned & Unchanged

50
Q

What is Biological/Physiological/Anatomic motivation?

A

Motivation is from body processes that involve brain,organs,hormones and neurotransmitters.

Neuropsychology

51
Q

What is psychological motivation?

A

Learned behaviour by personal experience and relationships.

Clinical Psychology

52
Q

S

A
53
Q

Define socio-cultural motivation.

A

Not an individual phenomenon, historical,social, cultural value profoundly shape motivation

All forms of psych

54
Q

Are animal mating instincts-triggered by general cues (colors) learned or unlearned?

A

Unlearned

55
Q

True or False

Testosterone Non human female most important hormone.

A

FALSE

Its estrogen

56
Q

Fill in the blank

In Humans ________ is most significant for all genders

A

Testostrone

57
Q

What are metaphors around sex derived from?

A

From social and cultural norms and expectations around sex

58
Q

FIll in the blank

Without _______ erogenous zone lose importance

A

Desire

59
Q

Is repeated exposure to an erotic stimuli a good or bad thing for sexual response?

A

BAD

60
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Body actively maintaining itself to stay alive

61
Q

Which hormone turns on hunger signal?

A

Ghrelin

62
Q

Which hormone turns off hunger signal?

A

Leptin

63
Q

What part of the brain to increase or decrease hunger?

A

Hypothalamus

64
Q

What are Two types of signals about energy state?

A

Orexigenic: Ghrelin turns on Hunger signal (anorexia)
Anorexigenic: Leptin turns off hunger signal

65
Q

What are the six needs in Maslow hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. Physiological Needs
    Hunger and thirst satisfied
  2. Safety Needs
    Organized and predictable safety
  3. Love/Belonging Needs
    Love and be loved, avoid loneliness
  4. Esteem Needs
    Achievement, respect, recognition from others
  5. Self-Actualization needs
    Live up to fullest potential
  6. Self-transcendence needs
    Have meaning beyond identify beyond oneself
66
Q

True or False

We are always aware of the reason behind our actions and behaviours

A

False

67
Q

Can we make decision before cognitivly aware?

A

Yes FMRI Showed several seconds before consciously aware decision was made

68
Q

How to make someone have clearer someones ideas, vision and understanding of the world and people are?

A

Have more developed language skills

69
Q

What was Sapir-Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?

A

Language may determine or influence our thoughts shaping and how we understand reality

70
Q

What is framing?

A

To put someone into an idea Narrow and often biased box

71
Q

What are the two fundamental needs in life?

A

Autonomy & Security

72
Q

What is gender framing?

A

Double Standards,often manifest how we describe similar behaviors of men and women

73
Q

What is an Ostensive Definition?

A

Pointing to an example

74
Q

Define Symbolic definition.

A

Influenced by personal or cultural experiences

75
Q

What is Chomsky’s Perspective?

A

Nativist theory, that children are born with Innate/Natural ability to acquire knowledge. That ability needs to be fostered asap as a baby.

76
Q

What is Skinner’s Theory of language acquisition: Behaviouris?

A

Language is a set of learned behaviors that children acquire through conditioning and reinforcemen

77
Q

What are some benefits of being billingual?

A
  • Brain connections Neuronetwork benefits
  • Two lenses
78
Q

What are Two types of thinking Rational and Irrational?

A

Rational: Homo economicus
Irrational: Homopsychologicus

79
Q

What happens when you jump straight from stimulus to action?

A

Skip reasoning part all together

80
Q

What are the two types of heuristics?

A

Availability
Representative

81
Q

What is Availability Heuristic?

A

Mental shortcuts that distort how often an event happens

Plane Crashes

82
Q

What is Representative Heuristic?

A

Jumping to conclusions about people

83
Q

What is a Conjunction Fallacy?

A

Co-occurrence is more likely than just one of the events

84
Q

What is fixation?

A

Stuck in way of thinking

85
Q

Define Functional fixedness.

A

Other perceive functions of objects as fixed

Tables during violent intruder

86
Q

True or False

IQ is not hereditary, everyone is born with the ability to be smart it is fostered by the environment.

A

True

87
Q

What are Howard Gardners 8 types of intelligence?

A
  1. Naturist
  2. IntERpersonal
  3. InTRApersonal
  4. Kinesthetic
  5. Spatial
  6. Musical
  7. Mathematical
  8. Linguistic
88
Q

What an Analogical Arguments?

A

Attempts to explain difficult concepts by A is like B

Only viable if many similarites are shared

89
Q

What did Simon & Binet think about intelligence?

A

All children develop the same no matter the environment, children with lower ability were delayed not disabled

90
Q

Define Terman Stanford-Binet views.

A

Supported Eugenic movement that those with low Test scored got involuntary sterilization so they couldn’t reproduce stupid

91
Q

What is Sternberg Intelligence?

A

1) Analytical Intelligence: Intelligence assessed by intelligence test IQ test
2) Practical intelligence: Intelligence required for everyday living
3) Creative Intelligence: Make us adapt us to novel situations,generating new ideas

92
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions, as well as to understand and influence the emotions of others

93
Q

What is the basis of all forms of intelligence?

A

Emotional intelligence.

Psych 1200 (2 decks)

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