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biogeography > mid term > Flashcards

mid term Flashcards

1
Q

What is biogeography

A

Study of the geographical distributions of plants and animals

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2
Q

what are the 3 divisions of biogeography

A

Zoogeography- study of the distribution and abundance of Animals
Phytogeography-“” plants
microbial- “” bacteria

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3
Q

What is a habitat

A

local area characterised by a specific set of environmental conditions

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4
Q

sizes of habitats

A

Micro >m, meso, macro, mega

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5
Q

What’s the difference between a habitat generalist and a habitat specialist

A

A specialist requires a certain set of environment conditions where as generalists can live almost anywhere

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6
Q

What is environmental tolerance

A

ability of any species to maintain and reproduce itself in a given environment

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7
Q

What is shelfords law

A

Each organism has ecological minimum and maximum limits of tolerance

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8
Q

what is the difference between a eurytopic species and a stenotopic species

A

eurytopic has a wide tolerance
stenotopic has low tolerance

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9
Q

what is stress

A

it occurs when energy is directed away from growth and reproduction towards maintenance

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10
Q

What are the two master limiting factors

A

Water and temperature

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11
Q

list the needs for water in animals

A

excretory system
temp regulation
work the lungs

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12
Q

classify plants with moisture

A

hydrophytes- live in water
halophytes- marsh
mesophytes- moderate moisture
xerophytes- (0) moisture

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13
Q

what is the temperature at which chilling sensitive plants die

A

10 degrees

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14
Q

what is the frost tolerant temperature

A

-40

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15
Q

what is the frost tolerant temperature

A

-15

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16
Q

characteristics of endotherms

A

high metabolisms
can generate and maintain body heat
distribution indépendant to to temperature

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17
Q

what is the thermal neutral zone

A

zone where no metabolism is used

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18
Q

ectotherm characteristics

A

cold blooded
need to soak there heat in through solar radiation

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19
Q

in northern hemisphere what side of a slope is warmer

A

south (prone to drought)

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20
Q

define population

A

loose collection of individuals belonging to the same species that can interbreed

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21
Q

define local population

A

tightly linked interbreeding group

22
Q

define natality

A

offspring produced per unit population per unit time

23
Q

Define fertility

A

actual reproductive performance of a population measured by a reproductive rate

24
Q

Define Fecundity

A

potential reproduction of offspring

25
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

A limit to the number of individuals a habitat can support

26
Q

Define population irruptions

A

pop surges then crashes fast (boom and bust)

27
Q

Difference in population dependant and independent factors

A

indépendant factors dont give a shit about the population
dependant factors are influenced by the population

28
Q

What is a life table

A

of individuals expected in each age class based on ability to produce offspring and survival rates based on females

29
Q

What is survivorship

A

How many of the species are expected to reach a certain age

30
Q

difference between sources and sinks

A

sources is a good habitat that produce reproductive success over death
sink is local mortality is greater than sexy time due to habitat

31
Q

What is a meta population

A

A population where there are many sub groups of the same species that frequently imm/emagrate

32
Q

What are the 4 types of meta populations

A

Loose- interactions are rare between sup pops
Tight- heaps of interactions
extinction and colonisation- high turnover rates
mainland island- rescue effect essential a large persistent pop and mixture of small sup pop prone to extinction

33
Q

what is the rescue effect

A

rescue effect- local extinction prevented by occasional immagrents, high species diversity

34
Q

characteristics of r strategists

A

R- rely on habitat with little competition, high pop growth rate short gen time bacteria

35
Q

characteristics of k stratagists

A

slow growth rate usually stable habitat. elephants

36
Q

what are the 4 types of mutual cooexistance

A

Neutralism- no interaction
protocooperation- both benefit but is not obligated too
mutualism- both benefit but its obligated
commensalisms- one benefits the other is unharmed

37
Q

what’s a detritivores

A

feed on waste and debris chew and bring orgnanic matter

38
Q

what’s the difference between ecosphere and ecosystem

A

ecosphere- all living things plus life support
ecosystem- a space in what organisms interact together and with the environment

39
Q

community structure vs functions

A

structure- diversity, composition and biomass species
functions- energy flow and nutrient cycle

40
Q

photo mass

A

is the living material in all producers

41
Q

basal metabolic rate equation

A

M=cm^0.75

42
Q

features of small animals

A

higher rates such as cardiac and respiratory meaning has smaller lifespan is more active and higher reproductive rates

43
Q

features of big animals

A

larger storage meaning less effected by drought starvation and cold. slower reproduction rate

44
Q

are smaller or large animals specialist and use smaller geographic areas and there are fuck tons of them

A

smaller

45
Q

what’s a keystone species

A

a species all others rely on in ecosystem

46
Q

What’s the first and second law of thermo dynamics

A

Energy is not created or destroyed.
when its transferred some of the energy is lost to useless shit

47
Q

what is prey switching

A

eating the most commonly available prey

48
Q

what is prey selecting

A

only choosing to eat the best/ favourite food

49
Q

difference between intra and interspecies competition

A

inter is different species
intra is same species

50
Q
A

biogeography (2 decks)

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