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media and culture > mid term > Flashcards

mid term Flashcards

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1
Q

Media

A

Any means of communication. Usually referring to mass media

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2
Q

Media Studies

A

An academic field devoted to understanding the history, economics, politics, and cultural meaning of mass media.

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3
Q

Media Culture

A

Examines how mass media changes our culture.

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4
Q

Industry

A
  • Markets (open or closed)
  • Pricing (demand and the effects)
  • The size of “pie” (other ways to save or spend money. Can grow or shrink)
  • Relative slices of “pie”
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5
Q

Political Economy

A

Media scholars are interested in economics for what it says about the kind of media made and circulated (economics-> content)

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6
Q

Company Size

A

Can be measured by:

  • Assets (what the company owns)
  • Revenues (the annual amount of money coming into the company)
  • Profit (the revenues minus expenditures)
  • Reach (how many people use the company)
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7
Q

Vertical Integration

A

The combination in one company of two or more stages of production is normally operated by separate companies.

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8
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

A business strategy in which one company acquires or merges with another operates at the same level in an industry. Helps companies grow in size and revenue, expand into new markets, diversify product offerings, and reduce competition.

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9
Q

Synergy

A

A business strategy that seeks a beneficial combination of business lines across an integrated company.

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10
Q

Trade Press

A

Refers to the periodicals covering the business of film or television history.

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11
Q

Liveness

A

Tv can show time and events as it is happening.

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12
Q

Fixed Programming Schedule

A

A defined time spot for each show as compared to live shows happening in real time.

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13
Q

Standardized Programming

A

Develop genres and vocab to make identifiable tropes for shows.

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14
Q

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

A

The US regulates TV with a few aims:

  • national interest
  • competition
  • technological standards
  • public interest
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15
Q

Network- Affiliate Model

A

Regulations and costs kept the major TV companies from owning all stations.

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16
Q

Prime Time

A

Network programming focused on the evening hours after the work day.

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17
Q

Mass Audience

A

The limited networks and development of mass entertainment television.

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18
Q

Narrowcasting

A

The one-way transmission of information to a narrow or niche audience.

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19
Q

Telecommunications Act of 1995

A

This partially deregulated the US Television industry. Allowed telecom and internet companies to own television networks.

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20
Q

Technological Development

A

-1908- late 1930s

  • electric cathode ray tube Tv set became standard (CRT)

-Adopted broadcast model of radio wave transmission from radio

-Radio companies developed sets and invested in early TV stations

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21
Q

Broadcast Era

A
  • 1940s- early 1980s
  • Advertising revenue-based

-Measurement in ratings

  • Heavily regulated by FCC and NTSC
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22
Q

Narrowcast Era

A
  • The early 1980s- early 2010s

-Growth of cable television

  • Combination of advertising and subscription revenue
  • Slow fragmentation of a mass audience
  • Emergence of digital television standards
  • Relaxing of content standards for violence and sexuality on screen.
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23
Q

Post-Network Era

A
  • From the early 2010s- present
  • Growth of streaming and on-demand access to television
  • Breakdown of rigid scheduling and time formats
  • Increased fragmentation of mass audience
  • Blurred lines between television, cinema, and digital content
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24
Q

Ancillary Markets

A

Film and TV have had primary runs geared toward a strong initial revenue. They are subsequent revenue source

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25
Q

Streaming as Ancillary Markets

A

One model of streaming sees it as another ancillary market for TV. Increasingly, though, streaming no longer is secondary to linear television in the media marketplace.

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26
Q

On-Demand Video

A

Television historically was a medium of transmission. Digital media (cable and internet allows for viewers to select and watch video on demand (VOD)

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27
Q

TVOD

A

Transactional video on demand or pay-per-view allows for purchase or rental of a single title or program.

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28
Q

AVOD

A

Advertising video on demand relies on advertisements for revenue.

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29
Q

SVOD

A

Subscription video on demand charges regular fees for accessing a library of programs or movies.

30
Q

Intellectual Property

A

A shortcut for an economically exploitable program or film or story idea.

31
Q

Acquistion

A

An already planned and made film or show bought by a streaming company with exclusive rights.

32
Q

Licenses

A

Pays a production company for temporary streaming rights.

33
Q

“Quality Television”

A
  • Narrative approaches departing from traditional TV narrative
  • Downbeat tone and morally complicated characters
  • Less censored approach to sex or violence
  • Subcultural or minority voices often excluded from traditional TV
  • Single-camera and “Cinematic” style
34
Q

“Complex Television”

A
  • emphasis on seriality and long-form
  • experimentation with time
  • narrative self-consciousness
35
Q

“Cinematic Television”

A
  • less reliance on high-key lighting and saturated color
  • more play with sound dynamics
36
Q

Limited Series

A

A TV show planned around a small number of episodes.

37
Q

Hybrid Series

A

Some shows fall in between limited and continuing series. They develop a stronger arc and closure for each season.

38
Q

Showrunner

A

Television has always been a writer’s medium, but quality television made a single lead writer/manager/producer, more famous.

39
Q

In-house production company

A

production companies owned by a major media company

40
Q

Tentpole

A

Blockbusters with the least amount of risk. They generally involve sequels, franchises, and other films based on popular intellectual property.

41
Q

Blockbuster

A

Big-budgeted films in popular genres, with saturation releases and major marketing campaigns.

42
Q

First Look Deals

A

Allow a studio to get the option of exclusivity from a production company. In first-look deals, the production company maintains the intellectual property.

43
Q

Mini-Major

A

A film company that lacks the capital or distribution arm of a major but still competes with the majors and releases big-budget films.

44
Q

Qualities of a Production Company

A

-Major studios

-Parent company

-Affiliated production companies

-Independent production companies

-Mini-majors

45
Q

Paramount Decree

A

The 1948 Paramount court decision broke up the majors’ vertical integration of distribution and exhibition. This was reversed in 2020.

46
Q

Distribution Window

A

Box office legs are constrained by windows for video release. Theatrical exhibition is most profitable when there are no other ways to see a film.

47
Q

Limited Release

A

Some films have smaller audiences and may not make money for a wide release that shows only to a small number of cities or theaters. This allows for critics’ reviews and some revenue without the cost of fuller distribution.

48
Q

Platform Release

A

For films that might benefit from word-of-mouth or critics’ reviews, distributors prefer this, which starts a film in only a few cities before going wider.

49
Q

Saturation Release

A

This releases a film in many theaters at once. It is used for blockbuster and tentpole films. This allows studios to do blitz-marketing and lend event status to a film.

50
Q

Day-and-Date Releases

A

These lack a window and are released on home video or VOD at the same time as in the theaters.

51
Q

Four-walling

A

This is a type of release (usually limited) in which the film distributor or production company buys out the theater for the screening, without revenue sharing. These are not reported in box office numbers.

52
Q

Box Office Legs

A

Strong box office revenues will lead theaters to keep films for longer.

If a film continues to bring in theatrical earnings well after its opening, it is said to have legs. Distributors measure the ratio of total gross to initial opening gross.

53
Q

Global Box Office

A

Hollywood blockbusters make a majority of their revenue from international distribution.

54
Q

Film and the Long Tail

A

“Beyond the hits” in cinema can mean several things:

-independent features

-experimental work

-documentary

-foreign films and art cinema

-older titles

55
Q

First Sale Doctrine

A

In the U.S., physical media (books, records, and DVDs) are the purchaser’s property. While intellectual property is protected, this means no further restrictions on resale or legal use.

56
Q

Media Conglomerate

A

A media group, or media institution, is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.

57
Q

Monopoly

A

media outlets such as newspapers, film, television, radio, and satellite broadcasting may be on a national or international level. This may be commercial or governmental, which may be used directly or indirectly for propaganda purposes.

58
Q

Legacy Media

A

The mass media institutions that predominated prior to the Information Age; particularly print media, film studios, music studios, advertising agencies, radio broadcasting, and television.

59
Q

Oligopoly

A

A situation where the market is completely dominated by a small number of companies, resulting in limited competition.

60
Q

Regulation

A

This refers to all means by which media organizations are formally restrained or directed in their activities.

61
Q

Syndication

A

A program that runs on a different television network than the one on which it was initially broadcast, or a program that was not created for a specific network.

62
Q

Linear Television

A

The traditional form of TV, is programmed and watched as scheduled through satellite or cable and is not streamed to a specific user on demand.

63
Q

revenue

A

The annual amount of money coming into a company.

64
Q

advertiser based revenue stream

A

Ads support the service provider to make streaming cheaper or free.

65
Q

broadcasting

A

the transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a broad public audience

66
Q

territory

A

Refers to the country (or group of countries) in which a media company distributes.

67
Q

commission

A

authorization; act of giving authority to an individual

68
Q

Co-commission

A

A joint funding venture between a streaming company and another media company.

69
Q

data mining

A

the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

70
Q

Runaway Production

A

the outsourcing of media production, typically from Hollywood to nearby nations

71
Q

gross returns

A

total revenue generated by ticket sales

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