Mid term Flashcards
Six principles of collaboration
Focus on the client
A population health approach
Quality care and services
Access
Trust and respect
Communication
Attributes of Community Health nursing
relational
focuses on primary health care delivery
Advocacy
population based vs individual client centered
political in nature (public and health policy)
health promotion, disease prevention, protection, maintenance, restoration, coordination, management
Health promotion
process of enabling (resources and information_ to increase and control their health and wellbeing
Essential health care
universally acceptable, full participation
population health
taking action on the conditions that affect a pop health (SDoH) and create changes
Upstream
Macroscopic
Includes a primary prevention perspective
SDoH, economic, political and environmental factors
Nursing origin story
first nations founders
colonialism and epidemics
white settlers
Nursing timeline (history)
Jeanne Mance (first nurse)
Grey nuns (nursing connected to the church)
Politicization and medicalization of health care
British North America Act
Florence Nightengale
Victorian order of nursing
Epidemics (immigrants)
1867 British North American Act
basic health services only at the federal level
high economic disparities
Quarantine and marine hospitals
Florence Nightengale
spearhead again by women’s groups
birth of modern nursing, epidemiology
Late 1800s-1900s
canadian authorities began to take action to protect public health because of epidemics. Introduced vaccination programs and established boards of health
Origins of Community Health Nursing
Grey Nuns assisted in the development of health services and education within communities
Influenced by Florence Nightengale and womens groups
CHA 5 principles
Public administration
Comprehensiveness (insurance)
Universality (everyone has the same level of health care)
Portability (people who move to different province is still covered from their home province)
Accessibility
Y2K
Panic and progress
1980s
economic recession (changes the funds that are availble for health care
Lalonde Report
Canada
4 departments - environment, lifestyle, human biology, health care system
Alma Ata
WHO and UNICEF
International conference on primary health care
The Epp Framework and the Ottawa Charter
First WHO international conference on Heath promotion hosted by canada
Home health nursing
Acute, Chronic, rehabilitative, and palliative care in order to support people to live independently in their communities for as long as possible
Home care assist with coordinating and managing admission to long –term care
Disease care and treatment that requires surgical or medical interventions
Street nursing
Public Health Nursing
Organized efforts of society to keep people healthy and prevent injury, illness and premature death.
A combination of programs, services, and policies that protect and promote the health of all Canadians.
Disease and injury prevention
Community development
Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
Legal mandate
To promote, protect the health of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation and action in public health
Home health discipline
- elements of home health nursing (assessment, planning skills, education, communication relationships, equity and capacity)
- foundations of home health nursing (core knowledge incl. health promotion and protection)
- Quality and professional responsibility (quality care, professional responsibility)
Health equity
social conditions interact to prevent people from making decisions or taking actions that would promote health.
Romanow Commissions report
shifting policy toward primary healthcare, home healthcare, and health promotion, with nurses playing key role
Morals
Shared and generational societal norms about what constitutes right or wrong conduct
Values
Beliefs about the shared worth or importance of what is desired or esteemed within a society
Population Health
Aim: to improve the health of groups of people while reducing health inequalities and their underlying determinants
requires coherent multi-level policies in health and other sectors
Social equity lens
Dimensions of Community Health
Status: physical (morbidity, mortality, life expectancy, risk factors), emotional (satisfaction and mental health), social components (crime rates, function levels)
Structure: community services and structure
Process: effective functioning/problem solving
Socio-structural determinants
engagement of community in planning, monitoring and evaluating programs
Determinants are interrelated
Important ethical obligations of CHNs
confidentiality
accountability
Harm principle
justification to take action to restrict the liberty of an individual or a group in order to prevent harm to others
Principle of Least Restrictive
achieve public health needs but the full authority and power should be used for exceptional circumstances
Includes education, facilitation, discussion precede restrictions
Reciprocity Principle
society must be prepared to facilitate individual and community efforts to discharge their duty
Transparency Principle
manner and context in which decisions are made
CNA position statement on promoting culturally competent care
knowledge, skill, attitudes, and personal attributes to maximize respectful relationships with diverse populations
nmemonic representing key questions to encourage reflexive practice
Awareness
Skills
Knowledge
Encounters
Desire
Structural Racism
historical, cultural and social ways that are set and pushed because that is the way you have known them all along. Policies from the system
Systemic Racism
A system in which public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations, and other norms work in various, often reinforcing ways to perpetuate racial group inequity
System where policies or practices (“this is our school of nursing policy”), cultural representatives, are reinforcing and perpetuating cultural racism and causing inequities
White Privilege
puts other people that are not white at a disadvantage and the other at an advantage. Oblivion, peripheral vision (if I don’t have to see it, I won’t)
Institutional Racism
policies, practices within an institution that favor certain individuals
visible minority
people of colour, people who are neither indigenous or caucasion
Racially visible
terminology more commonly used to indicate “visible minority” status
Diversity
refers to the uniqueness of the client within the cultural context
Focuses on client assets that build capacity
Visible diversity
differences that can be observed when looking at somone
Invisible diversity
characteristics that cannot be readily seen such as disability, religion, sexual orientation, military experience, socioeconomic background, marital status, nation origin, and more
culture
language, gestures, tools, customs and traditions that define a groups values and organize social interactions
social construct, embedded in every day life, shared, fluid and dynamic
overt racism
individual
Systemic racism
institutional
Attributes to cultural competence
Cultural…
awareness
knowledge
understanding
sensitivity
interaction
skill
Eurocentrism
values, attitudes or beliefs that are based on or reflect the European frame of mind
Cultural humility
A commitment to actively taking responsibility for seeking to understand the culture and experiences of others.
Being comfortable not being the expert
Knowing one can never fully understand the experience, history, and background of another
Colonialism
acquiring political control over a group of people and exploiting them economically
Stereotype
a preconceived idea of a particular group or person
Prejudice
preconceived opinions based on stereotypes which results in consistent interconnected ways of thinking and understanding
Racism
discrimination directed at a particular group because of their racial or ethnic identity
Cultural Safety
Analysis by health professionals of their cultural self and its influence on cultural interactions
Acknowledgement of power imbalance favoring the health professional and addressing it
HCP learning and applying new skills
Cultural awareness
an initial understanding that variations exist
Cultural sensitivity
showing respect and valuing cultural diversity
What helps remove barriers of power and authority and promote equality?
Cultural safety
Cultural assessment
consider communication, space, social organization, time and environment
