Mid-term Flashcards
What is the name of the scientific principle where matter proceeds from order to disorder?
Entropy
What did Blaise Pascal say that we should always do in difficult times?
“In difficult times you should always carry something beautiful in your mind.”
Who was the Greek god of the sun?
Apollo
Who was the Greek god of wine?
Dionysus
What instrument did worshippers of Apollo play?
A lyre: a plucked, stringed instrument like a small harp.
What instrument did worshippers of Dionysus play?
An aulos: a noisy, nasal, double-reed instrument
Which art form is not a “time art”?
Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
What is music with a subject called?
Program music
What is the setting for the Phantom of the Opera?
The Paris Opera House
Where was the altar placed in a Greek temple?
Out in front of the entrance
What do we call the beam across the top of two posts?
Lintel
What was the new building material the Romans used?
Concrete
What other technological innovation did the Romans use?
The Arch
What do we call a vault created by a series of arches?
Barrel Vault
What is unique about the dome of the Pantheon?
There is an open ring in the middle, called an oculus, or eye.
What accounts for the differences between pagan and Christian architecture?
Pagan is much more showy to represent praise and devotion to God, while Christian is much more humble in their approach to worshipping.
Christian services are meant to be indoors, to shelter them from the world.
What is the name of the great domed church of Constantinople?
Hagia Sophia
What is the name of the style of the early Middle Ages that uses Roman arches, domes, and barrel vaults?
Gothic
What was the greatest influence on architecture between the fall of Rome and the 1100s?
The need for security
What do we call the philosophy that the world is rational and that we come to understand it through the Spirit?
Scholasticism
What were the structures used to brace the outside of a Gothic cathedral called?
Flying Buttresses
What are the levels of a Gothic cathedral from bottom to top?
Bottom to top - ambulatory, triforium, and clerestory
What is the name of the simplest and earliest of the Greek orders?
Doric
What Greek order uses a scroll shaped capital?
Ionic
What Greek order used acanthus leaves on the capital?
Corinthian
Is a soprano always a woman?
No, it can be a young boy
What is singing without any accompaniment called?
A’capella
What do we call instruments with reeds?
Woodwinds
Name the members of the brass family?
Trumpet, Trombone, French Horn, Flugelhorn, Tuba
TUBA, FRENCH HORN, TRUMPET, TROMBONE, BARITONE
What instrument did Benny Goodman play?
Clarinet
What is a group of instruments with strings at its core called?
Orchestra
What is a group of instruments that does not include strings called?
Band
What is another name for a small ensemble?
Chamber ensemble
Which instrument plays the solo passages in Vivaldi’s Four Seasons?
Violin
What is the difference between a harpsichord and a piano?
The piano uses keys to activate hammers that strike a set of strings (thus it can be thought of as both a string instrument and a percussion instrument). An ancestor of the piano is the harpsichord, whose keys activate a set of quills that pluck the strings.
What is an example of free rhythm?
Basically means that you can do whatever you want with that rhythm. This is oftentimes used in church music, especially Catholic church music where you see the monks singing the Gregorian chant.
What do we call a grouping of beats that creates pattern?
Meter
What do we call a tone with regularly repeating wave?
Beat
In a 2/4 time signature, how many beats are in each measure?
For instance 2/4 time
means two beats per measure
What meter is a waltz in?
triple… 3/4
What meter is a march in?
duple
What is the musical term for tone color?
timbre
What is the difference between a major and a minor scale?
Minor scale sounds serious or even sad to our ears.
The primary difference between major scales and minor scales is the third scale degree. A major scale always has a natural third (or major third). A minor scale never has a major third.
What is the term for the distance between two pitches?
interval
What do we call a melody that is mostly made up of steps?
conjunct
What is the term for note of a scale that feels like home?
tonic
What is the term for a group of notes sounded simultaneously?
harmony
What is the difference between monophony, homophony, and polyphony?
Monophonic: melody with no harmony), homophony:single melody with a harmonic accompaniment pattern
polyphony: two or more melodies sounding simultaneously
Put the following in order from slowest to fastest: largo, presto, andante, allegro, moderato .
Largo, andante, Moderato, Allegro, Vivace, Presto.
Put the following in order from softest to loudest: fortissimo, mezzo piano, piano, forte, mezzo forte.
piano mezzo piano mezzo forte forte fortissimo
Which architect designed the Louvre pyramid?
I.M. Pei
What was the Louvre before it was a museum?
the Louvre was originally built as a fortress in 1190, but was reconstructed in the 16th century to serve as a royal palace.
What technique does Leonardo use to make the smile of the Mona Lisa so mysterious?
blurred the outlines of Mona Lisa’s lips, with a technique called sfumato
What is the term for a liquid that combines with a pigment to make paint?
vehicle (oil or water)
Go here to study pictures
https://quizlet.com/123080651/fdhum-110-midterm-study-guide-flash-cards/
What are the characteristics of oil paint?
It takes weeks to dry and has the colors of tempera but the advantage of being able to blend colors on the canvas and being able to revise the work if necessary
What are the characteristics of watercolor paint?
It is made by mixing pigment with water. Watercolors run easily so its best to paint on a heavy, damp paper so the colors will stick better.
What are the characteristics of a fresco?
A watercolor paint applied to fresh plaster so that when the plaster dries the fresco will dry permanently with it. The paint will not crack and it is cleanable without being damaged.
What are the characteristics of a mural?
Murals are painted on dry plaster and the paint tends to crack or flake over time. It will also fade due to its exposure to light.
What artistic medium is made with egg?
tempera
Which artistic medium did Michelangelo use to paint the Sistine Chapel?
Fresco
Which artistic medium uses acid on a plate?
etching
In what medium does an artist arrange pieces of glass, tile, stone, or other objects to make a picture?
Mosaic
What does Bas in bas relief mean?
Low relief or almost flat like the surface of a coin
What does a horizontal line indicate?
Rest or stability
What does a diagonal line indicate?
active: we can assume something is on the move.
What does a vertical line indicate?
Potential energy: a standing tree could fall, and so could a standing human.
What type of line is considered most pleasing to the eye?
S-curves are not only the most interesting but are considered, of all six types of lines, the most pleasing to the eye.
Which are the primary colors?
red, yellow, blue
Which is the coolest color?
blue
Which is warmest color?
red
What is another term for the Golden Section?
rule of thirds
What is the visual appearance of the surface of the canvas called?
Texture
What does the element value refer to in a painting?
The relative degree of light or darkness in a painting.
What does chiaroscuro refer to?
An Italian term meaning “light [chiaro] and shadow [oscuro].” It is reserved for paintings, because a painter’s problem is how to depict a three-dimensional object on a flat, two-dimensional surface. The principle way to do this is by using lighter and darker paint to depict the play of light and shadow on the surface of the object.
What is linear perspective?
parallel lines appear to converge in the distance
What is aerial perspective?
Objects that are very far away appear fainter, bluer, and less distinct
Where should you generally put the subject of your photo?
At any point where the rule of thirds intersects.
Where is the ISO automatically set in most cameras?
it will usually set the sensor to its highest level, i.e., 800
How can you avoid red-eye?
Remove the flash from the camera and hold it high and to one side
Why would you want to use a flash outdoors?
As a general rule, you will want to remove shadows on people’s faces or any subject in the foreground. A flash simply adds an extra burst of light to balance out the light in your photo and make it more visually appealing.
What is “bull’s-eye” composition?
Subject’s face is centered in the photo.
What is hubris?
excessive pride or self-confidence.
(in Greek tragedy) excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis.
What did the oracle of Delphi prophesy about Oedipus?
Oedipus will murder his father and marry his mother
What are Aristotle’s six elements of tragedy?
Plot, character, thought, diction, spectacle, and music.
What is the complication?
The beginning of the story to the point just before the change in the hero’s fortunes.
What is the denouement?
The beginning of the change to the end.
According to Aristotle, what is the purpose of the complication in a tragedy?
To increase our fear on behalf of our hero.
According to Aristotle, what is the purpose of a denouement in a tragedy?
For the audience to feel pity.
What word does Aristotle use to describe a shift from one situation to its opposite?
Peripety