FInal Flashcards
Why was Nicholas Fouquet imprisoned?
When the party was all over, Louis had Fouquet thrown into prison under charges of embezzlement and then took over his entire team of artists.
What was the Fronde?
a rebellion, in which some members of the French aristocracy conspired to overthrow the young king. The Fronde was mercilessly put down, and Louis vowed to never again let the nobles of his realm have substantial power or influence.
Which philosopher saw the world as a perfectly ordered and mathematically inspired creation?
René Descartes
What did Louis XIV call himself?
also known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil)
Who used his telescope to prove the heliocentric nature of the solar system?
Galileo
What does the word affection mean?
Affective is an old-fashioned word that is akin to our modern word emotional.
What are the humors?
bodily fluids generated in the glands, such as blood, phlegm, and bile
What kind of singing features music where the words are clearly enunciated in a speech-like manner with simple accompaniment?
Recitative
Which country saw the most destruction in the Thirty Years War?
Germany
What do we call many notes on a single syllable of text?
Melisma
What was another name for the rum-sugar-slave trade in 17th and 18th centuries?
triangle trade
What do we call a large work for full orchestra, with contrasting sections played by a solo instrument or small group?
Concerto
What was the belief that music had the ability and purpose of moving the emotions?
the Doctrine of Affections
What was the name of the style where the bass and harmonies played continuously regardless of what instruments or voices were carrying the melody?
basso continuo
What do we call the center part of a fugue where the main theme disappears?
Episodes
What do we call it when the chords and melodic figures clearly outline a strong sense of home key?
tonal
Who remodeled a portion of the Versailles gardens to make them more sensitive?
Marie Antoinette
What is the work we use to describe a landscape that fits our notions of the way it should be ordered?
Picturesque
What is the name of singing where the music becomes more important than the words and seeks to explore a single emotion of the character?
aria
How did Marie Antoinette die?
She was beheaded by the guillotine.
What culture did Revolutionary France model itself after?
Ancient Rome
What musical instrument (besides the voice) was most characteristic of the Baroque era?
Violin
Who reigned France for 72 years?
Louis XIV
What violent event signaled the beginning of the French revolution?
The storming of the Bastille.
What do we call a section of a composition that keeps returning throughout?
ritornello
What musical composition sounds like improvisatory finger exercises on a keyboard?
toccata or prelude
What country is Waterloo in?
Belgium
Why did Captain Ahab hate Moby Dick?
He had taken off his leg.
Who invented the rotary steam engine?
James Watt
Who said Romanticism was “feeling deeply”?
Lord Byron
Who wandered about Germany collecting folk tales?
The Brothers Grimm
What group of painters celebrated the natural beauty of New York?
The Hudson River School
What Romantic work was about a man who sold his soul to the devil?
Faust
What medieval theme appears in the last movement of the Symphonie Fantastique?
Dies irae
What do we call a short programmatic work for the piano?
A character piece
Of the two great pianists of the Romantic era, who was the more virtuosic?
Franz Liszt
Who was the “poet of the piano”?
Frederic Chopin
What do we call the lighter late-Baroque style of Louis XV’s reign?
Rococo
Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith (1723–1790) was a Scottish economist
What is the French word for the middle class?
bourgeoisie
What movement in the 1700s encouraged critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong belief in rationality and science?
The Enlightenment
What were the three estates of France?
nobility,
clergy,
land-owning citizens and middle-class merchants
What is a Gesamtkunstwerk?
An art form where a single composer wrote the story, composed the music, staged the production, coached the singers, led the orchestra, and designed the set and costumes.
Who crowned Napoleon emperor?
he took the crown from the pope’s hands and placed it on his own head.
What do we call the rate of chord change in a musical composition?
harmonic rhythm
What was the most important musical genre of the Classical period?
Symphony
What do we call two phrases of equal length?
A parallel period?
What form is the first movement of a symphony usually in?
Sonata allegro
What do we call a slow, three-part dance form that was popular for the third movement of a symphony in the Classical period?
minuet
What do we call a fast, three-part dance form that was popular for the third movement of a symphony in the Classical period?
Scherzo
What do we call the first part of sonata allegro form where we hear all the themes for the first time?
Exposition
What do the French call a depressed boredom that sets in once all desires have been met?
Ennui
What do we call the third part of sonata allegro form where the themes come back in the tonic key?
recapitulation
What about Cezanne gave impetus to Modernism?
His disregard of correctness of outline.
What Classical composer was best known for his piano concertos and operas?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who stretched the boundaries of the Classical style with his immense and complex symphonies, concertos, piano works, and chamber music?
Ludwig van Beethoven
What form is the second movement of Haydn’s “Surprise” Symphony in?
theme and variations
What do we call a tendency to distort to create intense emotion?
Expressionism
Who commanded the English at Waterloo?
Duke of Wellington
Why did Napoleon delay the battle of Waterloo until 11 AM?
so that the ground could dry out enough for his
cannonballs to bounce along the valley floor, giving them their maximum effect
Who wrote a book about the psychological effects of color?
Wassily Kandinsky
Which war serves as the backdrop for Casablanca?
WWII
What were the net effects of the Industrial Revolution?
The railroads allowed for transporting goods that were fresh.
What are 19th century inventions?
Railroads, dynamite, electric lights, phonograph, modern nursing, germ theory, and radiation.
Where is Victor Laszlo from?
Czechoslovakia
What are the typical subjects of Romanticism?
Nationalism, Nature, the Supernatural, Nostalgia and Unrequited Love
Where was the first place Napoleon encountered nationalism against the French occupation?
Spain
What is the German word for “lightning war”?
Blitzkrieg
Where is Casablanca?
French Morocco
What brought the United States into World War II
the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
In what style are the British Houses of Parliament?
Gothic
Who wrote “It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all”?
Tennyson
What do we call music with some kind of extra-musical association?
Programmatic
Who wrote a symphony about an opium-induced hallucination?
Hector Berlioz
What is Ilsa’s favorite song?
When Time Goes By
What do we call the returning motive in the Symphonie Fantastique?
idée fixe (fixed idea)
What happens to the poet’s beloved in the Symphonie Fantastique?
In his hallucinations and nightmares, he kills her.
Why does Ilsa not leave with Rick?
She finds out her husband is still alive
How does Rick save Annina from Louis?
She helps her husband win in roulette (?)
What does Rick do with the two letters of transit?
Gives them to Ilsa and Victor
What does Louis do when he discovers that Rick has shot Major Strasser?
Tells his men to round up the usual suspects
How does Schubert set the death of the boy in the Erlkönig?
The piano meanwhile both imitates the horse’s galloping hoofbeats and the boy’s pounding heart. At the end when the horse reaches the house and the boy’s heart stops, Schubert reverts to plain recitative.
What is the name of the women in Nordic mythology who bring the dead warriors back to Valhalla?
Valkyrie
What was the longest battle in history?
The Battle of Verdun
Where did the crisis that touched off World War I occur?
Bosnia
Which French ruler was overthrown by the Germans in 1871?
Emperor Napoleon III.
Which painter believed that traditional studio art did not look the way objects appear in real life?
Edouard Manet
What are some of Debussy’s stylistic techniques?
Debussy routinely used non-tonal scales, chords that had so many notes, chord successions that did not follow the established rules of tonal music theory.
Why did composers like Debussy use non-tonal scales and chord progressions?
A general impression existed that Wagner’s hyper-chromaticism had exhausted the possibilities of tonality, and that whatever future music had, it was in a different direction.
Debussy’s reaction to tonality was a rebellion against the German dominance of music in Europe from Beethoven to Wagner. The French were revolted by the triumphant bombast of Wagner’s operas (his crowing over the French defeat in the stupid little pamphlet Das Kapitulation did not help his popularity), and they sought a new, more reserved, more sophisticated mode of expression
created a hazy, dreamy sound that paralleled the tiny brushstrokes and gray shading of visual Impressionism.
What did Cezanne not like about Impressionism?
messiness
What does Cezanne use to bring order to his canvases?
He imposed upon it the order of regular geometric patterns
Who did Vincent Van Gogh write to throughout his career?
His brother, Theo
Early in the movie we see a man warning an Englishman to “beware of vultures” in Casablanca. What does he do to the Englishman?
Steals his wallet.
What does Rick tell Louis is the reason he came to Casablanca?
He came for the waters.
Where has Victor Laszlo come from?
He escaped from a German prison camp.
What is Louis shocked to discover about Rick’s?
That there is gambling going on in the establishment.
Which work provoked a riot at its premiere?
The Rite of Spring by Sergei Diaghilev’s
What did France and England do when Hitler occupied the Rhineland?
Wishing to avoid another war, France and Britain did nothing.
Where was the Sudetenland?
demanded that Czechoslovakia turn a region bordering Germany, known as the Sudetenland.
What did the French and English call the war during the winter of 1939 - 40?
The Winter War
Where was the capital of the French government after the fall of France to the Germans?
Vichy
Why is Ugarte fleeing from the Germans?
He has stolen the letters of transit
What is the main theme of a fugue called?
Subject
What was the Palace of Versailles before Louis XIV had it remodeled?
A hunting lodge
What did the word barocco originally refer to?
A large, irregularly-shaped pearl
Which country was wracked by a Civil War between 1642 - 1649?
England
What do we call it when performers improvise notes not written on the page?
Ornamentation
The birth of what art form marks the beginning of the Baroque era?
Opera
Where did Handel settle and write most of his oratorios?
England
What do we call a multi-movement instrumental work for one or two solo musical instruments?
Sonata
What do we call the first section of a fugue?
Exposition
What do we call the return of the main theme near the end of the fugue?
Recapitulation
Why did Marie Antoinette want a French country village in her gardens?
So she could pretend she was a shepherdess.
What did the English call their bloodless revolution of 1688?
The Glorious Revolution
What do we call the second part of sonata allegro form where the themes wander through various keys?
The development
Who wrote over 100 symphonies and was considered the master of the genre?
Haydn
What is rubato?
When the pianist alters the tempo frequently, slowing down and then speeding up again.
What is the German word for song?
Lied
Who wrote over 600 songs in German?
Schubert
What does Bel canto mean?
Beautiful singing
What is Rigoletto’s profession?
Court Jester
Who was Germany’s principle ally in World War I?
Austria
What was the name of the treaty that ended World War I?
The Treaty of Versailles
Who was the dictator of Germany during World War II?
Adolph Hitler
How did the wars and genocide of the Twentieth Century affect art?
Artists began to believe that beauty was no longer a valid aim for art
How did the invention of the camera change art in the 1800s?
Artists stopped trying to create realistic portrayals of their subjects.
How did the invention of oil paint in metal tubes change art in the 1800s?
Painters were no longer tied to their studios and could paint with natural lighting
What did Monet call painting in front of a real-life object?
Painting from the motif
What do we call the literary parallel to Impressionism?
Symbolism
What did the French not like about Wagner’s music?
His music was too bombastic.
What do we call the style of painting that uses paint in tiny dots of color?
Pointillism
How did Van Gogh show his excitement in painting?
With brushstrokes
What do we call an emphasis on geometric forms in art?
Cubism
What do we call Gauguin’s emphasis on native, folk styles?
Primitivism
Which work provoked a riot at its premiere?
The Rite of Spring
Who nominated an award for art but was denied it by the government because it was so lacking in “mitigating or conciliatory elements”?
Käthe Kollwitz
Where was Casablanca made?
Hollywood
Who claimed that he brought “peace in our time”?
Neville Chamberlain
What was the name of the German secret police under the Nazis?
Gestapo
Where did the Nazis put their political opponents?
Concentration Camps
Where did the refugees in Casablanca go if they got passports out of the city?
Lisbon. Portugul
Where does Rick hide the letters of transit?
The piano
What does Rick tell Louis is the reason he came to Casablanca?
To see the waters
What is the name of Rick’s piano player?
Sam
Where did Rick and Ilsa first meet?
Paris
