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Crop Production And Practices > Mid Term 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drivers of food insecurity

A

Population displacement

  1. Conflict and social disruptions
  2. Climate related shocks
  3. Economic shocks
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2
Q

Overview - trends of world agriculture

A

World population is high and gonna increase

Number of undernourished people dropping

Overall production of crops increasing

Food insecurity is conceding where population density is high

World Kcal/person is static or increasing slowly

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3
Q

Distribution problem

A

Wealthier have better access to better and increased food choices

And the means to purchase the food

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4
Q

Obesity

A

Has tripled since 1975

Most live in countries where obesity kills more than undernourishment

Is preventable

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5
Q

Livestock and obesity trends

A

Obese and overweight pop is increasing

Meat production is increasing

Livestock is using 33% of grain production

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6
Q

Why can’t we feed everyone, we have enough food

A

Equitable distribution

Economics

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7
Q

Food production paradox

A

A majority of the resources in the world (land, crop inputs, and labour) are used to produce food for a wealthier minority, who are increasingly overweight

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8
Q

How and why do we produce so much grain?

Three things

A
  1. Government Policy
  2. Scientific Advances
  3. Economics
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9
Q

Government Policies for producing grain

A

Ensures stable environment for crop production

National agriculture departments

Agriculture insurance

Public research

Coordination with agribusiness

Regulations - environmental, trade, health

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10
Q

Scientific Advances for producing grain

A

Increasing yield per acre

Better agronomy

Better storage and handling

Better transport

Green revolution

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11
Q

Economics for producing grain

A

Macro economics

  1. International trade deals
  2. Global food demand
  3. Humanitarian aid/food security

Micro economics

  1. Import/export regulations
  2. Price supports/ farm subsidies
  3. Labour availablity
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12
Q

Green revolution

A

Development of high-yielding semi-dwarf varieties of corn, wheat and rice

Widespread adoption of existing tech

  1. Irrigation
  2. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
  3. Synthetic pesticides
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13
Q

What countries do we export to the most

A

United States
China
Japan
Mexico

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14
Q

What do we export the most

A

Canola
Wheat and flour
Hogs

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15
Q

Where do most of our imports come from

A

USA

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16
Q

Summary of farms in Manitoba

A

Farms are increasing in size

Absolute number of farms decreasing

More rented land

Farm inputs becoming more expensive

Fertilizer use is increasing

Pesticide use is steady

17
Q

Summary of financial trends in Manitoba farms

A

Farms higher gross income but are more expensive to operate

Farm net income is stagnant

Crop prices fluctuate constantly

Off farm income increasing

18
Q

What are implications of the trends that farms are changing in Manitoba

A

Farms are becoming bigger as farm population declines

Less rural labour available

More knowledge per acre needed

Less time per acre (increased reliance on costume work and on larger machinery)

Decreased economic diversity of individual operations

Less land owed by farmers —> more rented land which means decreased responsibility for integrity/environmental quality of land

19
Q

What is the state of commodity production in Western Canada

A

Net income is relatively the same
Little subsidy support
Highly variable commodity prices
Many new input technologies
Mixture of old and new production techniques
Increasing higher land prices
Little unbiased info and research support
Increased industry consolidation and merges

20
Q

The problem in agriculture in Canada

A

It is challenging to produce consistent economic returns in commodity production in western Canada

21
Q

What can we do about the problem with agriculture in western Canada

A

Chang commodity prices and/or returns to farmers

Maximize production efficiency

Adopt new farming models

22
Q

How to change commodity prices and/or returns to farmers

A

Subsidies

Different marketing options (direct marketing) (increase in farm storage for price changes)

Value added chains (eg add seed cleaning business to farm)

New generation co-ops

23
Q

How to maximize production efficiency

A

Reduce time spent in field
Reduce fuel usage
Reduce fertilizer use
Reduce pesticide use
Precision fertilizer
Diversify cropping options and change risk
Use resources more efficiently to produce more of the same product

24
Q

How to adopt a different model for your farm

A

Diversify economically (grow specialty crops or livestock)

Adopt new tech (cost reduction tech)

Adopt more complex rotations

Adopt alternative cropping strategies(cover crops)

25
Q

Where can you get crop production info from

A 
Producer groups
University research and extension 
AAFC
Provincial agriculture departments
US extension services 
Producer newspapers 
Retailers
Companies
On farm research
26
Q

Types of on farm research projects

A 
Variety testing evaluations
On farm breeding
Fertilizer response curves
Pesticide trials 
Work with university or company
27
Q

Why conduct on farm research

A

Proof of efficacy
Direct knowledge of what works
Improved field management

28
Q

Scientific method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Create a hypothesis
  3. Test the hypothesis
  4. Observe and analyze the results
  5. Conclusion
29
Q

What are key required to conduct high quality on farm research

A 
Replications
Multiple years
Randomization
Check or controls
Proper analyses
30
Q

Why is on farm research so difficult

A

Takes time
Takes money
May not optimize production
Is the benefit worth the effort

Crop Production And Practices (2 decks)

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