Lab Final

Question 1

Examples of dicots

Answer 1

Canola
Field peas
Soybeans
Field beans
Sunflowers
Flax 
Lentils
Alfalfa
Birdsfood trefoil
Clover
Fababeans

Question 2

What’s does epi mean

Answer 2

Above

Question 3

What does hypo mean

Answer 3

Below

Question 4

What does cotyl mean

Answer 4

Refers to cotyledons

Question 5

What does geous mean

Answer 5

Earth

Question 6

What does hypocotyl mean

Answer 6

The region of the plant between the first root branch and the first node or more simply the region below the cotyledons

Question 7

What is the epicotyl

Answer 7

The part of the plant that is situated above the cotyledons. Only used until emergence

Question 8

What is epigeous emergence

Answer 8

Seeding emergence in dicots when cotyledons are brought above the ground

Question 9

What is hypogeous emergence

Answer 9

Seedling emergence in dicots in which cotyledons remain below ground

Question 10

Steps in epigeous emergence

Answer 10

1) radicle is first to break through seed coat. Seedling quickly grows to secure seed in ground
2) hypocotyl begins to elongate and forms a hypocotyl arch right below first node. Then cotyledons are pulled upwards behind the hypocotyl arch during hypocotyl elongation
3) elongation of hypocotyl stops when the hypocotyl arch breaks through soil surface. Then hypocotyl arch straightens and the cotyledons open to expose the seedling leaves and terminal bud

Question 11

Con of epigeous emergence

Answer 11

Susceptible to frost and excessive heat and chemical or mechanical damage because growing point is above ground and exposed

But very common (canola, soybeans, sunflowers, flax, sugar beets, alfalfa)

Question 12

Principles of disease control (5)

Answer 12

Avoidance
Exclusion
Eradication 
Protection
Resistance

Question 13

Wheat grading factors

Answer 13

Sprout damage
Frost damage
Thin and shrunken kernels 
Bleached kernels 
Non-vitreous (starchy) kernels 
Field insect damage
Grass green
Heat damage 
Mycotoxins
Mildew
Blackpoint and smudge
Foreign material

Question 14

Oilseed grading factors (canola)

Answer 14

Free fatty acid content

Fatty acid composition and iodine value

Chlorophyll

Glucosinolate

Question 15

Seed placement types (4)

Answer 15

Moderate disturbance spread row seeding (ribbon seeding)

High disturbance narrow row seeding

Low disturbance narrow row seeding

Ultra row disturbance disc seeding

Question 16

Male parts in grass flower

Answer 16

Anther

Filament

Question 17

Female parts in grass flower

Answer 17

Stigma
Ovary
Style

Question 18

Definition of disease

Answer 18

A condition that harms plants by affecting functions involved in their growth and reproduction. Caused by pathogens

Question 19

Pathogen definition

Answer 19

A living organism which can induce a disease. A carrier of the disease is a pathogen

Question 20

Virus definition

Answer 20

Pathogen made mainly of genetic material. Modified the hosts DNA to make more virus. Plant growth is stunted

Question 21

Bacteria definition

Answer 21

Microscopic one cell organism, some cause plant disease

Question 22

Fungi definition

Answer 22

Most numerous and destructive of all pathogens. Composed of filamentous structures called mycelium

Question 23

Vector definition

Answer 23

An organism that transmit the disease to a plant. Ex aphids

Question 24

Epidemic definition

Answer 24

An outbreak of disease. To happen three factors are essential.

1) pathogen must be present
2) environment must favour pathogen multiplication
3) crop must be at sensitive stage

Question 25

What’s on the disease triangle

Answer 25

1) host susceptible
2) pathogen is viable
3) environment is favourable

Question 26

What is seed vigour

Answer 26

Good health and natural robustness in seeds which when planted permits germination to proceed rapidly and to completion under wide range of environmental conditions

Question 27

What characterizes high vigour seed

Answer 27

1) Large size
2) High density
3) High protein

Question 28

Why would we want a vigour test

Answer 28

To identify seedlots which are capable of rapid and uniform seedling emergence in the field, and seedlots with high emergence potential under unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 29

Examples of vigour tests

Answer 29

1) Cold germination test
2) Cold growth test
3) Conductivity test

Question 30

Factors to look for when buying seed

Answer 30

1) Large seed size
2) Select unweathered seed
3) Select undamaged seed
4) Select undried seed or aerated using high airflow rate

Question 31

Plants susceptible to fertilizer damage

Answer 31

Very: flax
Susceptible: canola and buckwheat

Question 32

Least susceptible to fertilizer damage

Answer 32

Moderate: winter cereals
Least: spring cereals

Question 33

Why calibrate ur seeder

Answer 33

1) Optimize seed density thus plant density
2) Optimize fertilizer application
3) Reduce cost of seed and fertilizer because it’s not dumbing extra or too little

Question 34

Factors that cause u to change seeder calibration

Answer 34

1) Poor seed quality
2) Poor seed bed
3) Large sized seed
4) Cultivar with low tiller production
5) When seeding deep

Question 35

Route of pesticide entry into the body (risk areas)

Answer 35

1) Contact with skin
2) Inhalation
3) Ingestion

Question 36

What designer oils

Answer 36

Man made and made for a specific job (ie. industrial oil or healthy oils)