Mid term 1 Flashcards
PAD
pia matter, arachnoid matter, sub arachnoid space, dura matter
Autonomic NS
Sympathetic: fight or flight, and Parasympathetic rest and digest.
Glial cells
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, schwann cells
What are glial cells?
Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the CNS and PNS.
Microglial cells
Are the only immune system in the brain. See auto immune disorders. Clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue through the process of phagocytosis (cell eating)
Astro- cytes
feed and keep the neurons in place *they can support multiple axons.
Motor effrant
signals from the brain to the body
nerve
A collection of axons in the CNS
Auto-receptor
(Pre-synaptic) Negative feedback loop. to reduce the release of NT in the presynaptic neuron.
Summation
all signals add IPSP and EPSP
summation
spatial summation and temporal summation
Depolarize
change from -70mv towards zero
hyperpolarize
a change from -70mv to -90mv.
Hormones
Molecules produced by glands and broadcast the signal. Hormones bind to receptors located in distant target organs which regulate and control physiological and behavioural activities.
Steroid hormones
Testerone and Cortisol, are fat-soluble and synthesized from cholesterol enter target cells to affect DNA controlling protein production.
peripheral NS– Somatic
All nerves that carry incoming affrerent sensory information from our sense organs to the CNS and outgoing efferent motor information to….
**Allows us to interact with our environment
Peripheral NS– autonomic
all sensory and motor connections to our internal organs.
**Regulates the internal organs and glands
Peripheral–autonomic—sympathetic
nerves send arousing signals from the CNS to the body preparing us for flight or fight.
**Arousing
peripheral–autonomic–parasympathetic
rest and digest
**Calming…
directions
anterior= rostral posterior = caudal
meninges
PAD
Brain
Cerebrum: largest, voluntary processes
Brainstem: involuntary processes (respiration, heart beat)
brain– outside
gyrus; bumps sulcus; groove Longitudinal fissure; sagital lateral fissure; temporal lobe central sulcus; coronal
the cerebrum
Right hemisphere: left side body, emotion, spatial orientation, facial recognition, appreciate art/music.
Left: language, math, logic