mid/forefoot

Question 1

function of talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) joint (This is a “virtual” joint)

Answer 1

produces pronation/supination

also does plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

Question 2

transverse tarsal joint (functions as a unit)

Answer 2

talonavicular
calcaneocuboid

is the border for hindfoot and midfoor

Question 3

action of transverse tarsal joint

Answer 3

adds supination/pronation ROM (helps you stand on a hill)

compensate forefoot/hindfoot position so forefoot can remain on ground

Question 4

when the trasnverse tarsal joint supinates, what happens to the tarsals?

Answer 4

they go into a tight-packed position

midfoot and rearfoot lock on each other to act as a solid bone to assist propulsion!

Question 5

what metatarsal joint is unique

Answer 5

the 2nd met - articulates with all 3 cuneiforms

it is the MOST stable tarsometarsal joint

Question 6

function of tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 6

maintains contact of forefoot on the ground

if rear-foot motion (transverse tarsal and subtalar joints) are extreme, TMT can pick up the slack!

Question 7

open chain actions of TMT (dorsfilexion)

Answer 7

extnesion and inversion of mets 1 and 2

eversion of mets 4 and 5

Question 8

open-chain actions of TMT (plantarflexion)

Answer 8

flexion and inversion of mets 4 and 5

eversion of mets 1 and 2

Question 9

closed chain action of TMT (supination twist).. when hind foot pronates

Answer 9

transverse tarsal joint supinates to end range

if this is insufficient, medial forefoot will press into ground resulting in dorsiflexion and inversion of 1st and 2nd mets.

then plantarflexion will happen? reuslting in 4 and 5 will invert

overall the ENTIRE FOOT INVERTS

Question 10

closed chain action of TMT (pronation twist).. when hind foot supinates and midtarsal joint is locked

Answer 10

we end up with total eversion of mets 1,2,3,4 and some dorsiflexion of mets 4 and 5.

Whole forefoot EVERTs w/ pronation twist!

Question 11

function of metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 11

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

abduction/adduction

Question 12

major motion at metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 12

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion dominate

Question 13

when the 2nd met is the longest met, whats it called? exam

Answer 13

index minus

Question 14

being index minus (elongated 2nd metatarsal) can result in

Answer 14

metatarsalgia, plantar warts, mallet toe

Question 15

treat elongated 2nd metatarsal

Answer 15

use metatarsal pad, fit shoes for 2nd met, and avoid high heeled shoes.

Question 16

what is morton’s foot

Answer 16

shortened 1st toe (its even shorter than your 3rd toe)

Question 17

what can an elongated first metatarsal lead to?

Answer 17

hallux limitus deformity

Question 18

treatment for hallux limitus defomirty (elongated first metatarsal)

Answer 18

kinetic wedge or a rocker bottom sole

Question 19

a very sharp metatarsal break angle leads to

Answer 19

shifts weight laterally on the foot

Question 20

typical range of metatarsal break angle

Answer 20

54 to 73 degrees

this reduces the extension range required for 1st and 2nd MTPs

Question 21

function of great toe sesamoids

Answer 21

anatomic pulleys for FHb

acts as a tunnel to protect FHL tendon

Question 22

purpose of interphalangeal joints

Answer 22

maintain contact with the ground just before toe off