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AN3202 > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

7 steps of the gait cycle

A 
initial heel contact
opposite toe off
heel rise
opposite initial contact
toe off
feet adjacent
tibia vertical
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2
Q

stance phase of gait

A

loading response
mid-stance
terminal stance
pre-swing

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3
Q

What is the loading response (1st phase of stance of gait)

A

-The initial Double Stance Phase.

Shock is absorbed as weight is transferred onto the outstretched limb

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4
Q

what percent of the stance phase makes up the gait cycle

A

0-10% of gait cycle

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5
Q

Mid Stance (stance of gait)

A
  • Your body weight is aligned over the forefoot.

- Mass is moving forward and superiorly.

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6
Q

mid stance - what % of gait cycle

A

10-30% of gait cycle

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7
Q

what % of gait cycle are we in stance know

A

60%

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8
Q

terminal stance (gait stance) facts

A

completes single support

body weight moves ahead of forefoot

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9
Q

what % of gait is the terminal stance

A

30-50% of gait cycle

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10
Q

Pre-swing (stance cycle of gait)

A

final phase of stance
second period of double stance

rapid unloading of ipsilateral limb as weight is transferred to contralateral side

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11
Q

what % of gait is pre-swing (of stance phase)

A

50-60% of gait cycle

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12
Q

swing phase (the last 3 parts that make up 40% of gait)

A

initial swing
mid-swing
terminal swing

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13
Q

initial swing - facts and % of gait

A
  • Important objectives are advancement of the trailing limb and clearance of foot.
  • 60-73% of Gait Cycle
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14
Q

Mid-Swing facts and % of gait

A

-Important objectives are limb advancement and foot clearance.
73-87% of Gait Cycle

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15
Q

Terminal Swing - facts and % of gait

A
  • Important objectives are completion of limb advancement and preparation of stance.
  • Deceleration of Swing limb.
  • 87-100% of Gait Cycle.
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16
Q

walking base

A

The side-to-side distance between the paths taken by the two feet

(posterior L heel to posterior R heel)

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17
Q

step length

A

distance between the heel strike of one foot and the heel strike of the other foot

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18
Q

stride length

A

distance traveled during the gait cycle

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19
Q

cadence

A

steps per minute

cadence of a measure of half-cycles

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20
Q

CALCULATING CYCLE TIME

A 
cycle time (s) = 120/cadence (steps/min)
if cadence is 60 steps/min

cycle time = 2 sec

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21
Q

speed gait formula

A

stride length (m)/ cycle time (s)

stride length = 162 cm and cycle time = 2 sec

  1. 62/2
  2. 81
22
Q

when is upper body speed greatest in gait

A

during double support

23
Q

upper body vertical height in gait

A

lowest in double support

highest in the middle of stance and swing phases

24
Q

femur and tibia frontal plane motion during phases

A

adducts heel strike to toe off, then abducts after toe off to heel strike again

25
Q

transverse plane motions of pelvis, femur, tibia during gait cycle (focus on pelvis?)

A

internally rotates from heel strike to heel lift

externally rotates from heel lift to heel strike

26
Q

need to know this stupid fukcing list of the six determinants of gait

A
  1. Pelvic Rotation
  2. Pelvic Obliquity
  3. Knee Flexion
  4. Ankle Mechanism
  5. Foot Mechanism
  6. Lateral Displacement of the Body
27
Q

pelvic rotation of 4 degrees anterior results in what?

A

0.95cm in displacement

28
Q

pelvic obliquity

A

we get tipping of the hip causing 0.5cm of vertical excursion (this only happens if knee can flex)

29
Q

15 deg knee flexion will lead to decreased of center of gravity vertical displacement by

A

1.1 cm

30
Q

what is the function of the six dterminants of gait

A

decrease the vertical and lateral displacement of centre of gravity

(keeps our vertical dispalcement to a minimum, more efficient)

31
Q

total percents of stance phase and swing phase EXAM

A

60% stance

38% swing

32
Q

contact phase (pt 1 stance phase of gait)

A

Begins at Heel Strike and ends at Full Forefoot Load (FFL)of same foot

33
Q

Midstance Phase (pt 2 stance phase of gait)

A

Begins at FFL and ends at heel lift

34
Q

Propulsion Phase (pt 3 stance phase of gait)

A

time from heel off to toe off

35
Q

full forefoot load has a maximal pronation of what EXAM

A

4 degrees

36
Q

at 10% and 55% of gait cycle, the ankle is what?

A

n neutral! its neutral in these times!

37
Q

foot supinates for first time (since heel strike) in gait cycle at what phase

A

70% of stance phase

38
Q

abnormal gait cycle, at 55%

A

not neutral, we would have a valgus heel

39
Q

abnormal gait at 70% stance what should be and what is happening

A

should be 2 degs supinated, but still pronated

40
Q

what does prolonged abnormal pronation not allow (fukcing kill me)

A

mid-tarsal to lock

41
Q

When is the hip fully flexed/extended during walking

A

max flex= middle of swing phase (until initial contact)

max extend= before end of stance

42
Q

When is the knee flexed and extended (2)

A

extended- before initial contact, initial swing

Flexed- during loading response and early midstance

43
Q

When is the ankle and foot planter/dosiflexed

A

planter- to bring forefoot to ground, just after toe off

dorsi- midstance relative dorsi, during swing to clear ground

44
Q

when does the hip extend in running

A

during second half of swing in prep for initial contact

45
Q

max knee flex in walking/running

A

60 is walking and 130 in sprinting in swing

46
Q

When does max extension of hip happen in running

A

until toe off

47
Q

conditions which commonly result in lateral trunk bending (5)

A
  1. painfull hip
  2. hip abductor weakness
  3. abnormal hip jt
  4. wide walking base
  5. unequal leg length
48
Q

Why would you anterior trunk bend

A

Purpose is to compensate for inadequate knee extensors

49
Q

Why would you post trunk bend in walking

A

Purpose is to compensate for ineffective hip extensors (glue max)

50
Q

why would u increase lumbar lordosis in walking

A

due to a flexion contraction or ankylosisis of the hip joint restricting extension

AN3202 (6 decks)

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