Gait Flashcards
7 steps of the gait cycle
initial heel contact opposite toe off heel rise opposite initial contact toe off feet adjacent tibia vertical
stance phase of gait
loading response
mid-stance
terminal stance
pre-swing
What is the loading response (1st phase of stance of gait)
-The initial Double Stance Phase.
Shock is absorbed as weight is transferred onto the outstretched limb
what percent of the stance phase makes up the gait cycle
0-10% of gait cycle
Mid Stance (stance of gait)
- Your body weight is aligned over the forefoot.
- Mass is moving forward and superiorly.
mid stance - what % of gait cycle
10-30% of gait cycle
what % of gait cycle are we in stance know
60%
terminal stance (gait stance) facts
completes single support
body weight moves ahead of forefoot
what % of gait is the terminal stance
30-50% of gait cycle
Pre-swing (stance cycle of gait)
final phase of stance
second period of double stance
rapid unloading of ipsilateral limb as weight is transferred to contralateral side
what % of gait is pre-swing (of stance phase)
50-60% of gait cycle
swing phase (the last 3 parts that make up 40% of gait)
initial swing
mid-swing
terminal swing
initial swing - facts and % of gait
- Important objectives are advancement of the trailing limb and clearance of foot.
- 60-73% of Gait Cycle
Mid-Swing facts and % of gait
-Important objectives are limb advancement and foot clearance.
73-87% of Gait Cycle
Terminal Swing - facts and % of gait
- Important objectives are completion of limb advancement and preparation of stance.
- Deceleration of Swing limb.
- 87-100% of Gait Cycle.
walking base
The side-to-side distance between the paths taken by the two feet
(posterior L heel to posterior R heel)
step length
distance between the heel strike of one foot and the heel strike of the other foot
stride length
distance traveled during the gait cycle
cadence
steps per minute
cadence of a measure of half-cycles
CALCULATING CYCLE TIME
cycle time (s) = 120/cadence (steps/min) if cadence is 60 steps/min
cycle time = 2 sec
speed gait formula
stride length (m)/ cycle time (s)
stride length = 162 cm and cycle time = 2 sec
- 62/2
- 81
when is upper body speed greatest in gait
during double support
upper body vertical height in gait
lowest in double support
highest in the middle of stance and swing phases
femur and tibia frontal plane motion during phases
adducts heel strike to toe off, then abducts after toe off to heel strike again
transverse plane motions of pelvis, femur, tibia during gait cycle (focus on pelvis?)
internally rotates from heel strike to heel lift
externally rotates from heel lift to heel strike
need to know this stupid fukcing list of the six determinants of gait
- Pelvic Rotation
- Pelvic Obliquity
- Knee Flexion
- Ankle Mechanism
- Foot Mechanism
- Lateral Displacement of the Body
pelvic rotation of 4 degrees anterior results in what?
0.95cm in displacement
pelvic obliquity
we get tipping of the hip causing 0.5cm of vertical excursion (this only happens if knee can flex)
15 deg knee flexion will lead to decreased of center of gravity vertical displacement by
1.1 cm
what is the function of the six dterminants of gait
decrease the vertical and lateral displacement of centre of gravity
(keeps our vertical dispalcement to a minimum, more efficient)
total percents of stance phase and swing phase EXAM
60% stance
38% swing
contact phase (pt 1 stance phase of gait)
Begins at Heel Strike and ends at Full Forefoot Load (FFL)of same foot
Midstance Phase (pt 2 stance phase of gait)
Begins at FFL and ends at heel lift
Propulsion Phase (pt 3 stance phase of gait)
time from heel off to toe off
full forefoot load has a maximal pronation of what EXAM
4 degrees
at 10% and 55% of gait cycle, the ankle is what?
n neutral! its neutral in these times!
foot supinates for first time (since heel strike) in gait cycle at what phase
70% of stance phase
abnormal gait cycle, at 55%
not neutral, we would have a valgus heel
abnormal gait at 70% stance what should be and what is happening
should be 2 degs supinated, but still pronated
what does prolonged abnormal pronation not allow (fukcing kill me)
mid-tarsal to lock
When is the hip fully flexed/extended during walking
max flex= middle of swing phase (until initial contact)
max extend= before end of stance
When is the knee flexed and extended (2)
extended- before initial contact, initial swing
Flexed- during loading response and early midstance
When is the ankle and foot planter/dosiflexed
planter- to bring forefoot to ground, just after toe off
dorsi- midstance relative dorsi, during swing to clear ground
when does the hip extend in running
during second half of swing in prep for initial contact
max knee flex in walking/running
60 is walking and 130 in sprinting in swing
When does max extension of hip happen in running
until toe off
conditions which commonly result in lateral trunk bending (5)
- painfull hip
- hip abductor weakness
- abnormal hip jt
- wide walking base
- unequal leg length
Why would you anterior trunk bend
Purpose is to compensate for inadequate knee extensors
Why would you post trunk bend in walking
Purpose is to compensate for ineffective hip extensors (glue max)
why would u increase lumbar lordosis in walking
due to a flexion contraction or ankylosisis of the hip joint restricting extension
