Gait Flashcards by Marco DiFederico

7 steps of the gait cycle

initial heel contact
opposite toe off
heel rise
opposite initial contact
toe off
feet adjacent
tibia vertical

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stance phase of gait

loading response
mid-stance
terminal stance
pre-swing

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What is the loading response (1st phase of stance of gait)

-The initial Double Stance Phase.

Shock is absorbed as weight is transferred onto the outstretched limb

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what percent of the stance phase makes up the gait cycle

0-10% of gait cycle

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Mid Stance (stance of gait)

Your body weight is aligned over the forefoot.

- Mass is moving forward and superiorly.

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mid stance - what % of gait cycle

10-30% of gait cycle

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what % of gait cycle are we in stance know

60%

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terminal stance (gait stance) facts

completes single support

body weight moves ahead of forefoot

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what % of gait is the terminal stance

30-50% of gait cycle

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Pre-swing (stance cycle of gait)

final phase of stance
second period of double stance

rapid unloading of ipsilateral limb as weight is transferred to contralateral side

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what % of gait is pre-swing (of stance phase)

50-60% of gait cycle

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swing phase (the last 3 parts that make up 40% of gait)

initial swing
mid-swing
terminal swing

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initial swing - facts and % of gait

Important objectives are advancement of the trailing limb and clearance of foot.
60-73% of Gait Cycle

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Mid-Swing facts and % of gait

-Important objectives are limb advancement and foot clearance.
73-87% of Gait Cycle

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Terminal Swing - facts and % of gait

Important objectives are completion of limb advancement and preparation of stance.
Deceleration of Swing limb.
87-100% of Gait Cycle.

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walking base

The side-to-side distance between the paths taken by the two feet

(posterior L heel to posterior R heel)

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step length

distance between the heel strike of one foot and the heel strike of the other foot

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stride length

distance traveled during the gait cycle

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cadence

steps per minute

cadence of a measure of half-cycles

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CALCULATING CYCLE TIME

cycle time (s) = 120/cadence (steps/min)
if cadence is 60 steps/min

cycle time = 2 sec

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speed gait formula

stride length (m)/ cycle time (s)

stride length = 162 cm and cycle time = 2 sec

62/2
81

when is upper body speed greatest in gait

during double support

upper body vertical height in gait

lowest in double support

highest in the middle of stance and swing phases

femur and tibia frontal plane motion during phases

adducts heel strike to toe off, then abducts after toe off to heel strike again

transverse plane motions of pelvis, femur, tibia during gait cycle (focus on pelvis?)

internally rotates from heel strike to heel lift externally rotates from heel lift to heel strike

need to know this stupid fukcing list of the six determinants of gait

1. Pelvic Rotation 2. Pelvic Obliquity 3. Knee Flexion 4. Ankle Mechanism 5. Foot Mechanism 6. Lateral Displacement of the Body

pelvic rotation of 4 degrees anterior results in what?

0.95cm in displacement

pelvic obliquity

we get tipping of the hip causing 0.5cm of vertical excursion (this only happens if knee can flex)

15 deg knee flexion will lead to decreased of center of gravity vertical displacement by

1.1 cm

what is the function of the six dterminants of gait

decrease the vertical and lateral displacement of centre of gravity (keeps our vertical dispalcement to a minimum, more efficient)

total percents of stance phase and swing phase EXAM

60% stance 38% swing

contact phase (pt 1 stance phase of gait)

Begins at Heel Strike and ends at Full Forefoot Load (FFL)of same foot

Midstance Phase (pt 2 stance phase of gait)

Begins at FFL and ends at heel lift

Propulsion Phase (pt 3 stance phase of gait)

time from heel off to toe off

full forefoot load has a maximal pronation of what EXAM

4 degrees

at 10% and 55% of gait cycle, the ankle is what?

n neutral! its neutral in these times!

foot supinates for first time (since heel strike) in gait cycle at what phase

70% of stance phase

abnormal gait cycle, at 55%

not neutral, we would have a valgus heel

abnormal gait at 70% stance what should be and what is happening

should be 2 degs supinated, but still pronated

what does prolonged abnormal pronation not allow (fukcing kill me)

mid-tarsal to lock

When is the hip fully flexed/extended during walking

max flex= middle of swing phase (until initial contact) max extend= before end of stance

When is the knee flexed and extended (2)

extended- before initial contact, initial swing Flexed- during loading response and early midstance

When is the ankle and foot planter/dosiflexed

planter- to bring forefoot to ground, just after toe off dorsi- midstance relative dorsi, during swing to clear ground

when does the hip extend in running

during second half of swing in prep for initial contact

max knee flex in walking/running

60 is walking and 130 in sprinting in swing

When does max extension of hip happen in running

until toe off

conditions which commonly result in lateral trunk bending (5)

1. painfull hip 2. hip abductor weakness 3. abnormal hip jt 4. wide walking base 5. unequal leg length

Why would you anterior trunk bend

Purpose is to compensate for inadequate knee extensors

Why would you post trunk bend in walking

Purpose is to compensate for ineffective hip extensors (glue max)

why would u increase lumbar lordosis in walking

due to a flexion contraction or ankylosisis of the hip joint restricting extension