MID 2 - Lecture 10

Question 1

Chickenpox

Answer 1

Varicella-zoster virus, DNA virus, humans = reservoir and source. Droplet inhalation into respiratory, vaccine prevents/shortens

Question 2

Shingles (herpes zoster)

Answer 2

reactivated chickenpox, virus lives in cranial and sensory neurons, virus migrates down neuron, vaccine

Question 3

Influenza (A,B,C)

Answer 3

respiratory system disease caused by influenza virus, inhalation or ingestion of respiratory secretions
a - most common (humans, pigs, birds)
b - less common (humans)
c - least common (humans and pigs)

Question 4

Influenza (makeup)

Answer 4

7-8 segments of linear RNA, hemagglutinin binds host sialic acid on cell surface, neuraminidase - cleave sialic acid from glycoproteins to enable release

Question 5

Type A influenza

Answer 5

HA and NA surface proteins, glycoproteins, HA/NA function in viral attachment and virulence, 16 HA/9 NA antigenic forms, H1/N1

Question 6

Antigenic drift

Answer 6

due to accumulation of mutations in a strain within a geographic area (changes in proteins)

Question 7

Antigenic shift

Answer 7

reassortment of genomes when 2 diff strains of flu viruses infect same cell and are in same capsid

Question 8

Measles

Answer 8

ssRNA virus, enveloped, respiratory tract or through eyes, rash, fever, cough, white spots in mouth, can be serious (brain swelling, death, lung infection)
MMR vaccine

Question 9

Mumps

Answer 9

Enveloped ssRNA virus, 16-18 days after infection - fever, swelling of salivary glands, MMR vaccine

Question 10

Rubella

Answer 10

ssRNA virus, enveloped, rash from respiratory droplets
congenital - diasterous in first trim of pregnancy, lead to fetal death, premature delivery, defects, MMR vaccine

Question 11

Smallpox

Answer 11

dsDNA genome, killed 20-50% infected, 2 types = viral major (severe) and minor, face to face contact

Question 12

Eradication of smallpox

Answer 12

no asymptomatic carriers, short infectivity period, humans are only hosts and reservoirs, VACCINE

Question 13

HIV entry

Answer 13

infected blood, semen, vaginal secreation come in contact with broken skin, viral protein spike gp120, RNA virus carries reverse transcriptase into host cell, transcripes into dsDNA which integrates into human genome (provirus)

Question 14

HIV life cycle later

Answer 14

integrates into host cell DNA, can be asymptomatic, direct synthesis of viral RNA > synthesis of viral particles < virion assembled, released through budding

Question 15

HIV/AIDS course of disease

Answer 15

rapidly develop clinical aids - die within 2-3 years, some remain healthy for 10 yrs post infection, HIV infection generally progresses to aids in 8-10 years, T helper cell count reduces then infection begins

Question 16

HIV treatment

Answer 16

no cure for aids, no vaccines (proteins constantly changing), combination of drugs = nucleoside/non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, fusion inhibitors

Question 17

Poliomyelitis

Answer 17

Poliovirus, + strand RNA, non-enveloped, enterovirus, three subtypes, stable in food/water, mutliplies in throat ad intestinal mucosa

Question 18

polio manifestations

Answer 18

asymptomatic/brief/mild, persist and enter into CNS (paralytic), destroys cells = motor + muscle paralysis, vaccine