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Microscopy (Objective 3) > Microscopy (Objective 3) > Flashcards

Microscopy (Objective 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Should oil be cleaned from the 100× objective using kleenex?

A

No

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2
Q

True or false

Working distance increases as numerical aperture and magnification increases?

A

False

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3
Q

True or False

If a specimen can be focused on 10x but is not in focus when switched to oil immersion objectives, the problem may be due to an upside down slide

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

To adjust the oculars for the distance between your eyes,use the diopter adjustment on one of the oculars

A

False

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5
Q

In what position should the swing out lens be in when using high power or oil immersion objectives?

A

In the light path

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6
Q

The point where all light rays meet at a specific point after passing through a lens is referred to as?

A

Focal point

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7
Q

How would you correct for spherical aberration?

A

Combining a strong convex and concave lens and blocking any light rays falling on the margerins of the lens

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8
Q

Which microscope system is responsible for the real,inverted image?

A

Objective lens system

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9
Q

On the oculars, the K engraving refers to what?

A

Compensating eye pieces

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10
Q

True or False

Certain objectives are only designed for specific mechanical tube lengths?

A

True

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11
Q

Which of the following is not a common magnification for an objective lens? 10x, 20x, 50x, or 100x

A

20x

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12
Q

What magnification is considered a low power lens?

A

10x

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13
Q

A black ring on the end of an objective or the markings “oi” refers to what?

A

The objective lens requires oil immersion.

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14
Q

Well, focusing on a specimen initially on low power, you would use the course knob focus first until you see the specimen followed by the use of the fine focus knob until you obtain a clear sharp image.

True or false.

A

True

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15
Q

True or false once you have focused on low power. When you switch to high power objectives, you should adjust the focus using the course focus mainly.

A

False

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16
Q

Excess oil should be removed from the oil objectives using lens paper followed by lens, cleaner.

True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

What lens system is closest to your eyes and provides a further 10x magnification?

A

Ocular lens system

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18
Q

What magnification level lenses require oil immersion?

A

50x and 100x

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19
Q

What happens to the working distance (WD) when you increase magnification?

A

It decreases

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20
Q

If lens A has a numerical aperture of 1.25 and lens B has a numerical aperture of 0.25, what lens would give us better detail?

A

Lens A

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21
Q

True or false. We use oil to increase the amount of light that enters the objective?

A

True

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22
Q

What do we mean by the term parcentral when referring to microscopy?

A

The object remains centered when switching between objectives.

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23
Q

Which part of the microscope should be adjusted to match the numerical aperture on the objective of lens?

A

The iris diaphragm.

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24
Q

What is the general flow of light through a bright field microscope?

A

Light bulb, condenser unit, specimen, objectives, body tube, oculars.

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25
Q

What is the total magnification of a specimen that is being viewed under a 40x objective?

A

400x

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26
Q

True or false

you can increase your resolving power by using a blue filter?

A

True

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27
Q

The shortest distance between two points that can be distinguished as separate entities is referred to as?

A

Resolution

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28
Q

What is the main purpose of kohler illumination?

A

To center and focus the light on the specimen to ensure optimal use of illumination.

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29
Q

When you can focus on 10x but when moving to a higher power objective ( 50x or 100x) times you notice it is impossible to focus. What would you check first?

A

Check to see if the slide may be upside down.

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30
Q

When setting kholer, you notice that the field of view is not centered when the field diaphragm is closed. What part of the microscope would be used to fix this?

A

Centering screws

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31
Q

True or False

Both the oculars and the objectives provide magnification of the specimen.

A

True

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32
Q

What is the main purpose of the condenser lens system?

A

To focus the light rays onto the specimen by producing a cone of light that evenly illuminates the field.

33
Q

What is reflection?

A

Reflection is the returning of light from a surface (“bounce back”)

34
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one transparent media to another of a different density.

35
Q

What happens to the speed of light when it travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium?

A

Slows down

36
Q

What happens to the speed of light when it moves from a more dense medium to a less dense medium?

A

It’s speeds up

37
Q

What is the formula for the refractive index?

A

N= speed of light in a vacuum
‐————————–
Speed of light in a given material

38
Q

What is the R.I. of Air?

A

1.00

39
Q

What is the R.I. of water?

A

1.33

40
Q

What is the R.I. of glass?

A

1.52 (1.46~1.92)

41
Q

What is the R.I. for immersion oil?

A

1.52

42
Q

What way will the light bend if the second medium is more dense? (Towards or away from the perpendicular)

A

Towards the perpendicular.

43
Q

What way will light bend if the second medium is less dense?
(Towards or away from the perpendicular)

A

Away from the perpendicular.

44
Q

What is dispersion?

A

It is the separation of white light into colored components when light strikes a prism.

45
Q

In dispersion, what color of light is bent the most?

A

Violet

46
Q

In dispersion, what color of light is bent the least?

A

Red

47
Q

What is defraction?

A

It is the spreading out of light rays after encountering an opening.

48
Q

Is a convex lens positive or negative?

A

Positive.

49
Q

Is a concave lens positive or negative?

A

Negative.

50
Q

What is the focal point?

A

The focal point is the spot where the rays of light parallel to the principal access are brought together.

51
Q

What is focal length?

A

The focal length is the distance between the lens (optical center) and the focal point.

52
Q

The inability to focus all color components of light at the same focal point is known as?

A

Chromatic aberration

53
Q

Chromatic aberration is caused by what type of lens?

A

A convex lens causes dispersion into its components, which cause color to be formed at different focal points.

54
Q

What corrects chromatic aberration?

A

Combining convex and concave lenses.
Can be further corrected by adding flourite element to the lens.

55
Q

Achromatic

A

2 color correction

56
Q

Apochromatic

A

3 color correction

57
Q

What is spherical aberration?

A

Curvature of a field, it results in a curved image of a flat object

58
Q

How can you correct spherical aberration?

A

By blocking light rays from falling on the marginal areas of the lens or by combining a strong positive lens with a negative lens, - the same that is done for chromatic aberration.

59
Q

Ocular lens system

A

Producers the final enlarged virtual image seen by our eyes

60
Q

Objective lens system

A

Produces the initial enlarged real inverted image of the object

61
Q

Condenser system

A

located below the object, it concentrates the light rays on the object

62
Q

Illumination system

A

The light source

63
Q

Mechanical support system

A

Arm and base of microscope. devices used for focusing and moving the object or a lens system.

64
Q

Engravings found on the ocular lens system

A

K or comp - Compensating eye piece, high quality, several lenses, flat field.

Glasses symbol - High point lens for people with glasses.

W - Wide field lens provides a large flat field of view.

PL, F or EF - Flat field optical correction eye pieces.
Periplan - Flat field also compensates for astigmatism and chromatic aberration.

65
Q

What happens to working distance with increased magnification?

A

Decreases

66
Q

What must be changed when you change the objective?

A

The iris diaphragm NA must match the objectives NA.

67
Q

What does a black ring on an objective mean?

A

Oil immersion

68
Q

What is the purpose of using oil?

A

Less light is refracted away from the lens, and more light will enter the objective.

It increases the resolving power.

69
Q

Parfocal

A

Stays in focus when switching between objectives

70
Q

Parcentral

A

Object that’s centered will remain centered when switching between objectives

71
Q

What does the condenser lens system do?

A

It focuses the light rays onto the specimen, producing a cone of light that illuminates the field evenly.

72
Q

The condenser lens system is also sometimes called?

A

Sub-stage condenser

73
Q

Mixing immersion oil types together may result in blurring

True or false?

A

True

74
Q

In which type of microscope are specimens capable of bending light to appear as bright objects on a black field.?

A

Darkfield

75
Q

What type of microscope has the following set up: 2 filters, one placed on top of the field diagram and the other between your eyes and the ocular, allowing visualization of components that are birefringent..

A

Polarizing.

76
Q

What type of microscope uses the following principle: Specimen is illuminated using a specific short wavelength of light that is absorbed, and a longer wavelength is emitted to allow use to visualize.

A

Fluorescents

77
Q

What type of microscope is very expensive and provides the highest magnification of any other microscope?

A

Electron

78
Q

What type of microscope has the objectives and the oculars located below the stage?

A

Inverted microscope

Microscopy (Objective 3) (3 decks)

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