Microscopic Examination of Urine

Question 1

What are the formed elements in urine? (11)

Answer 1

1. RBC
2. WBC
3. Epi cells
4. casts
5. bacteria
6. yeats
7. parasites
8. mucous
9. artifacts
10. crystals
11. spermatozoa

Question 2

When might microscopic examination be done? (3)

Answer 2

• Order by physician
• special population
• abnoral physical or chemical result

Question 3

Formed elements rapidy disintegrate in what urine?

Answer 3

Alkaline

Question 4

When centrifuged what is used instead of RPM and Why?

Answer 4

RCF (400 RCF) to correct for large head

Question 5

How much urine is used for the glass slide method?

Answer 5

20uL

Question 6

What power is general composisiton of the sediment examined?

What power is used for identification?

Answer 6

• 10X
• 40X

Question 7

When initially focusing for examination, what cell is a good point of reference?

Answer 7

Epithelial cell

Question 8

What is the most common stain?

Answer 8

Sterheimer-Malbin Stain

Question 9

What is used to enhance nuclear detail?

Answer 9

2% acetic acid

• RBCs lysed by acetic acis so not used for intial examination

Question 10

What stains are used for lipids?

Answer 10

• Oil Red O
• Sudan III

Question 11

What stain is used for bacteria?

Answer 11

Gram stain

• +ve blue
• -ve red

Question 12

What stain is used for WBCs?

Answer 12

Hansel stain

Question 13

What stain visualizes iron?

Answer 13

Prussian Blue

Question 14

Macroscopic hematuria is frequently associated with?

Answer 14

Advanced glomerular damage

Question 15

The number of RBCs present in urine is indicative of?

Answer 15

the extent of damage

Question 16

The presence id urinary eosinophils is primarily associated with?

Answer 16

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis

Question 17

Pyuria is and indicates?

Answer 17

increased WBCs and indicates infection / inflammation in genitourinary tract

Question 18

What are the three types of epithelial cell? and origins?

Answer 18

• Squamous (vagina, female and male urethra)
• transitional (uroethilial) (rena, pelvis, uretas, bladder)
• Renal Tubular (RTE) (renal tubules)

Question 19

What is a clue cell?

Answer 19

Epithelial cells covered with gardeneralla coccobacillus (vag infection)

Question 20

Which RTE cells are larger?

Which RTE cells are round/oval?

Which are cubiodal?

Answer 20

• Those from Proximal convoluted tubule.
• those from Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct RTE cells

Question 21

RTE cells are the most clinically significant epithlial cells and indicate?

Answer 21

• necrosis of renal tubules
  
  • drug induced toxicity
  • transplant rejection
  • pyelonephritis
  • hgb and myeoglobin toxicity

Question 22

What RTE cells is noticable in salycilate poisoning?

Answer 22

• single cubiodal cells

Question 23

What is a characteristic of choleterol under polarized light?

Answer 23

Maltese cross