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Urinalysis > Microscopic Examination of Urine > Flashcards

Microscopic Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the formed elements in urine? (11)

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Epi cells
  4. casts
  5. bacteria
  6. yeats
  7. parasites
  8. mucous
  9. artifacts
  10. crystals
  11. spermatozoa
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2
Q

When might microscopic examination be done? (3)

A
  • Order by physician
  • special population
  • abnoral physical or chemical result
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3
Q

Formed elements rapidy disintegrate in what urine?

A

Alkaline

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4
Q

When centrifuged what is used instead of RPM and Why?

A

RCF (400 RCF) to correct for large head

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5
Q

How much urine is used for the glass slide method?

A

20uL

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6
Q

What power is general composisiton of the sediment examined?

What power is used for identification?

A
  • 10X
  • 40X
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7
Q

When initially focusing for examination, what cell is a good point of reference?

A

Epithelial cell

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8
Q

What is the most common stain?

A

Sterheimer-Malbin Stain

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9
Q

What is used to enhance nuclear detail?

A

2% acetic acid

  • RBCs lysed by acetic acis so not used for intial examination
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10
Q

What stains are used for lipids?

A
  • Oil Red O
  • Sudan III
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11
Q

What stain is used for bacteria?

A

Gram stain

  • +ve blue
  • -ve red
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12
Q

What stain is used for WBCs?

A

Hansel stain

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13
Q

What stain visualizes iron?

A

Prussian Blue

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14
Q

Macroscopic hematuria is frequently associated with?

A

Advanced glomerular damage

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15
Q

The number of RBCs present in urine is indicative of?

A

the extent of damage

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16
Q

The presence id urinary eosinophils is primarily associated with?

A

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis

17
Q

Pyuria is and indicates?

A

increased WBCs and indicates infection / inflammation in genitourinary tract

18
Q

What are the three types of epithelial cell? and origins?

A
  • Squamous (vagina, female and male urethra)
  • transitional (uroethilial) (rena, pelvis, uretas, bladder)
  • Renal Tubular (RTE) (renal tubules)
19
Q

What is a clue cell?

A

Epithelial cells covered with gardeneralla coccobacillus (vag infection)

20
Q

Which RTE cells are larger?

Which RTE cells are round/oval?

Which are cubiodal?

A
  • Those from Proximal convoluted tubule.
  • those from Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct RTE cells
21
Q

RTE cells are the most clinically significant epithlial cells and indicate?

A
  • necrosis of renal tubules
    • drug induced toxicity
    • transplant rejection
    • pyelonephritis
    • hgb and myeoglobin toxicity
22
Q

What RTE cells is noticable in salycilate poisoning?

A
  • single cubiodal cells
23
Q

What is a characteristic of choleterol under polarized light?

A

Maltese cross

Urinalysis (4 decks)

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