Microscopic Eukaryotes

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

microscopic eukaryotes
—>Protozoa: unicellular heterotrophs

-prefer moist environments

Question 2

Vectors

Answer 2

• Carrier of disease
• Doesn’t directly CAUSE disease
• —Mechanical vector (A)
• —Biological vector (B)

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

HAS: nucleus, membrane bound organelles, NO peptidoglycan, well developed cytoskeleton

Question 4

Ectoparasites

Answer 4

attach to OUTSIDE if host
-ex. arthropods: ticks, lice
FUNCTION: Vector

Question 5

Endoparasites

Answer 5

Attach to INSIDE of host

-FUNGI, PROTOZOA

Question 6

Protozoa

Answer 6

-Misfit phyla

–ALL members require high moisture conditions for active growth (ex. cysts)

Question 7

PROTOZOAN PARASITES:

phylum: MASTIGOPHORA (flagellates)

Answer 7

• members have flagella
• some display cytoplasmic streaming (movement of fluid substances w/in plant or animal cell)
• FREE LIVING (not dependent on another organism for survival)

Question 8

MASTIGOPHORA PATHOGENS: GIARDIA

Answer 8

GIARDIA - dipolomonad (lack mitochondria)

• —-giardia lamblia
• ——–> giardiasis
• ——–> travelers diarrhea

Question 9

MASTIGOPHORA PATHOGENS: Trichomonas

Answer 9

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan parasite)
------trichomoniasis (common sexually transmitted disease; most cannot tell when they're infected)

Question 10

Ameboids

Answer 10

• members all move via cytoplasmic streaming

- normally free living

Question 11

Ameiboid pathogens: Pathogens:

• Entamoeba histolytica (parasite)
• ——Disease: Amebiasis –>common in people who live in tropical areas (contaminated food + water)

Answer 11

• Entamoeba histolytica (parasite)

- ——Disease: Amebiasis –>common in people who live in tropical areas (contaminated food + water)

Question 12

Ameboid pathogen:

Acanthamoeba

Answer 12

-Keratitis (inflammation of cornea)

• Amoebic encephalitis
• —-> rare, severe disease caused by single celled amoeba

***Effect: inflammation & destruction of brain & lining of brain (FATAL)

Question 13

Phylum: Ciliophora

Answer 13

• All members posses cilia
• Free living
• Posses 2 forms of nucleus

–Macronucleus (expression)

• -Micronucleus (germline transfer)
• —>transfer via sexual reproduction

Question 14

Phylum: Ciliophora

—Genus: Balantidium coli

Answer 14

Balantidium coli: only human known pathogen among ciliates

Question 15

Phylum: Apicomplexa

Answer 15

• lack motility
• -Obligate parasite: (cannot produce outside of host)
• requires a host
• many pathogens (microorganism that can cause disease)

Definitive host (sexual)
Intermediate host (asexual)

• some posses a unique structure - apicoplast
• —>important for treatment

Question 16

Apicomplexa:

Cryptosporidium (parasite)

Answer 16

• Mammalian parasite
• Contaminated water source - (cause)

*cyst form is difficult to destroy
—highly resistant to chlorination
—filtration is effective
SYMPTOMS: severe diarrhea

Question 17

Apicomplexans: plasmodium

Answer 17

–Plasmodim (malaria)

Definitive host (sexual):
Anopheles mosquito 

Intermediate Host (asexual): Mammal
--organism supports the immature or non-reproductive forms a parasite

Symptomology:
-paroxysm : cold, hot, wet

Vaccine: mosquirix

Question 18

Apicomplexa: toxoplasma gondii

Answer 18

• toxoplasmosis
• felines are definitive host
• –> asymptomatic in most
• –>immunocompromised at risk