Microscope, Cells And DNA

Question 1

What is a UNICELLULAR organism?

Answer 1

It is an organism that consists of one cell

Question 2

What is a MULTICELLULAR organism?

Answer 2

An organism that consists of two or more cells.

Question 3

What is the unit of measurement used to measure a cell?

Answer 3

Micrometers (μm)

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

To control the activities of the cell.

Question 5

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 5

It contains genetic energy in the form of DNA

Question 6

How is DNA contained?

Answer 6

DNA is contained in long thread-like structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes contain genetic information which allows us to grow and develope

Question 7

What is DNA profiling?

Answer 7

It involves taking a sample of DNA and cutting it into fragments. These fragments are then separated by electricity on a gel by a process called GEL ELECTROPHORESIS.

Question 8

How does GEL ELECTROPHORESIS work?

Answer 8

The negatively charged molecules move through the gel towards the positive electrode.
The gel contains minute holes, so it acts like a sieve.
Small molecules move quickly;
Large molecules follow behind.
Shorter fragments of DNA move through the gel quicker than longer fragments .

DNA fragments can be stained with a dye. DNA from a crime scene can be used with DNA from suspects to identify a criminal.

Question 9

What does an eyepiece lens do?

Answer 9

Magnifies the specimen

Question 10

Course adjustment control

Answer 10

Used to focus on low power

Question 11

Fine adjustment control

Answer 11

Used to focus on medium and high power

Question 12

Objective lens

Answer 12

Magnifies the specimen

Question 13

Nosepiece

Answer 13

Allows the objective lens to be changed

Question 14

Stage clips

Answer 14

Holds the slide in place on the stage

Question 15

Diaphragm

Answer 15

Controls amount of light entering condenser

Question 16

Condenser

Answer 16

Concentrates light into a beam

Question 17

Light source

Answer 17

Projects light upwards through microscope

Question 18

How do you get total magnification?

Answer 18

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 19

Name two stains which can be used to stain cells

Answer 19

Iodine solution and methylene blue

Question 20

Name all parts of an animal cell

Answer 20

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 21

Name all parts of a plant cell

Answer 21

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, sap vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 22

Cytoplasm

Answer 22

Site of chemical reactions

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

To control the activities of the cell

Question 24

Cell membrane

Answer 24

Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell

Question 25

Cell wall

Answer 25

Supports the shape of the cell

Question 26

Vacuole

Answer 26

Contains water and dissolves sugar and salts

Question 27

Chloroplasts

Answer 27

Site of Photosynthesis