Microscope 2.3

Question 1

Question Answer

Question 2

What are the microscopic findings in glomerulonephritis? RBCs

Answer 2

RBC casts

Question 3

What are the chemical correlations for glomerulonephritis? Positive blood

Answer 3

proteinuria

Question 4

What are the physical findings in glomerulonephritis? Red or smoky urine

Answer 4

cloudy appearance

Question 5

What is the cause of glomerulonephritis? Immune complex deposition

Question 6

What are the microscopic findings in nephrotic syndrome? Oval fat bodies

Answer 6

fatty casts

Question 7

What are the chemical correlations for nephrotic syndrome? Heavy proteinuria

Answer 7

lipiduria

Question 8

What are the physical findings in nephrotic syndrome? Foamy urine

Answer 8

clear or slightly cloudy

Question 9

What is the cause of nephrotic syndrome? Increased glomerular permeability

Question 10

What are the microscopic findings in acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? Renal tubular epithelial cells

Answer 10

RTE casts

Question 11

What are the chemical correlations for acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? Mild proteinuria

Answer 11

hematuria

Question 12

What are the physical findings in acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? Pale yellow

Answer 12

cloudy urine

Question 13

What is the cause of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? Ischemia

Answer 13

nephrotoxins

Question 14

What are the microscopic findings in pyelonephritis (upper UTI)? WBCs

Answer 14

WBC casts

Question 15

What are the chemical correlations for pyelonephritis (upper UTI)? Positive leukocyte esterase

Answer 15

nitrite

Question 16

What are the physical findings in pyelonephritis (upper UTI)? Cloudy urine

Answer 16

foul odor

Question 17

What is the cause of pyelonephritis (upper UTI)? Bacterial kidney infection

Question 18

What are the microscopic findings in cystitis (lower UTI)? WBCs

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

What are the chemical correlations for cystitis (lower UTI)? Positive leukocyte esterase

Answer 19

nitrite

Question 20

What are the physical findings in cystitis (lower UTI)? Cloudy urine

Answer 20

strong odor

Question 21

What is the cause of cystitis (lower UTI)? Bacterial bladder infection

Question 22

What are the microscopic findings in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)? WBCs (especially eosinophils)

Answer 22

WBC casts

Question 23

What are the chemical correlations for acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)? Mild proteinuria

Answer 23

hematuria

Question 24

What are the physical findings in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)? Slightly cloudy urine

Question 25

What is the cause of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)? Drug-induced allergy (NSAIDs

Answer 25

antibiotics)

Question 26

What are the microscopic findings in chronic renal failure? Waxy casts

Answer 26

broad casts

Question 27

What are the chemical correlations for chronic renal failure? Fixed low specific gravity

Answer 27

proteinuria

Question 28

What are the physical findings in chronic renal failure? Pale yellow urine

Question 29

What is the cause of chronic renal failure? Progressive kidney failure

Question 30

What are the microscopic findings in renal calculi (kidney stones)? RBCs

Answer 30

few WBCs

Question 31

What are the chemical correlations for renal calculi (kidney stones)? Hematuria

Answer 31

occasional mild proteinuria

Question 32

What are the physical findings in renal calculi (kidney stones)? Cloudy or red urine

Question 33

What is the cause of renal calculi (kidney stones)? Supersaturation of urinary solutes

Question 34

What are the microscopic findings in hematuria (non-glomerular)? Intact RBCs

Answer 34

no RBC casts

Question 35

What are the chemical correlations for hematuria (non-glomerular)? Positive blood

Answer 35

no significant proteinuria

Question 36

What are the physical findings in hematuria (non-glomerular)? Red or smoky-colored urine

Question 37

What is the cause of hematuria (non-glomerular)? Trauma

Answer 37

infection

Question 38

What are the microscopic findings in Fanconi syndrome? Few RBCs

Answer 38

few WBCs

Question 39

What are the chemical correlations for Fanconi syndrome? Glucosuria without hyperglycemia

Answer 39

aminoaciduria

Question 40

What are the physical findings in Fanconi syndrome? Clear urine

Question 41

What is the cause of Fanconi syndrome? Proximal tubule dysfunction (genetic or drug-induced)