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FINALS review > Microscope > Flashcards

Microscope Flashcards

1
Q

are instruments that are used in science laboratoriesto visualize very minute objects such as cells, and microorganisms, giving a contrasting imagethat is magnified.

A

Microscope

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2
Q

1st type of microscopes and most widely used
Light passes through 2 lenses
Can magnify up to 2000x

A

Compound Microscope

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3
Q

Used to observe VERY small objects; viruses, DNA, parts of cells

A

electron microscope

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4
Q

A type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 250,000x

A

Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)

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5
Q

A type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 100,000x

A

Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)

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6
Q

increase of an object’s apparent size

A

Maginification

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7
Q

The power to show finer details

A

Resolution

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8
Q

It rotates to allow use of different power objectives

A

Revolving Nosepiece

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9
Q

Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen

A

Diaphragm/ Condenser

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10
Q

The knob that moves the bodytube/stage vertically

A

Coarse Adjustment Knob

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11
Q

It is where the specimen is put

A

Slide

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12
Q

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells

A

Cell Division

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13
Q

-Division of somatic cell (body cell) that results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

-The process in which the number of chromosomes in the original cell is reduced by HALF through the separation of homologous chromosomes.

A

Meiosis

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15
Q

It means 2 sets or 2N

A

diploid

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16
Q

It means 1 set or N

A

haploid

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17
Q

Where does meiosis occur?

A

sex cells

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18
Q

What is the process by which as egg and sperm unite?

A

Fertilization

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19
Q

It is a fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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20
Q

An organism in early stage of development

A

Embryo

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21
Q

homologous chromosomes exchange genes during process called__________

A

crossing over

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22
Q

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?

A

2

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23
Q

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce(male and female)

A

male-4
female- 1 viable egg

24
Q

they give up their cytoplasm to nourish the 1 good egg.

A

polar bodies

25
Q

It is the effect of crossing over

A

genetic variation

26
Q

Cell division where daughter cells are NOT identical

A

Meiosis

27
Q

Itis the movement of substances across thecell membraneeither into or out of the cell. Sometimes things just move through thephospholipid bilayer

A

Cell transport

28
Q

2 categories of cell transport

A

passive Transport
active transport

29
Q

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

Diffusion

30
Q

When molecules are even throughout space

A

Equilibrium

31
Q

Molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels

A

Facilitated Diffusion

32
Q

Osmosis works BOTH in Air and Fluids

A

False
Only Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion works both in air and fluids

33
Q
  • proteins that involved in letting certain substances in and out of cells
A

Channel Proteins

34
Q

-proteins that cross both layers od the phospholipid bilayer

A

Integral Proteins

35
Q

proteins that are only on the top half or bottom half of the phospholipid bilayer

A

Peripheral Proteins

36
Q

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient. From an area of high WATER concentration to an area of lower WATER concentration

A

Osmosis

37
Q

concentration of solute and solvent are equal

A

Isotonic

38
Q

higher concentration of solutes

A

Hypertonic

39
Q

water will come out of the cell thus the cell will shrink

A

Hypertonic

40
Q

lower concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

41
Q

water will come inside of the cell thus the cell will expand

A

Hypotonic

42
Q

It is the one that dissolves

A

Solvent

43
Q

It is the one that is being dissolved

A

Solute

44
Q

Pressure required to present the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration of solutes to one of higher concentration by osmosis.

A

Osmotic Pressure

45
Q

A category of cell transport that moves AGAINST a concentration agent and requires energy

A

Active transport

46
Q

2 Types of Active Transport

A

Molecular Transport
Bulk Transport

47
Q

Also called protein pumps

A

Molecular transport

48
Q

The process by which cells absorb material (molecules such as proteins) from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane

A

Endocytosis

49
Q

movement of fluids into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

50
Q

b)movement of solids into the cell

A

Phagocytosis

51
Q

A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters (such as hormones) from the interior of the cell.

A

Exocytosis

52
Q

Who created the first ever compound microscope

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

53
Q

Chromosomes are _ _ _

A

DNA

54
Q

How many divisions are there in Mitosis?

A

1

55
Q

How many divisions are there in Meiosis

A

2

56
Q

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy

A

Passive transport

FINALS review (4 decks)

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