Microscope Flashcards
are instruments that are used in science laboratoriesto visualize very minute objects such as cells, and microorganisms, giving a contrasting imagethat is magnified.
Microscope
1st type of microscopes and most widely used
Light passes through 2 lenses
Can magnify up to 2000x
Compound Microscope
Used to observe VERY small objects; viruses, DNA, parts of cells
electron microscope
A type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 250,000x
Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)
A type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 100,000x
Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)
increase of an object’s apparent size
Maginification
The power to show finer details
Resolution
It rotates to allow use of different power objectives
Revolving Nosepiece
Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen
Diaphragm/ Condenser
The knob that moves the bodytube/stage vertically
Coarse Adjustment Knob
It is where the specimen is put
Slide
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
Cell Division
-Division of somatic cell (body cell) that results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
-The process in which the number of chromosomes in the original cell is reduced by HALF through the separation of homologous chromosomes.
Meiosis
It means 2 sets or 2N
diploid
It means 1 set or N
haploid
Where does meiosis occur?
sex cells
What is the process by which as egg and sperm unite?
Fertilization
It is a fertilized egg
Zygote
An organism in early stage of development
Embryo
homologous chromosomes exchange genes during process called__________
crossing over
How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?
2
How many daughter cells does meiosis produce(male and female)
male-4
female- 1 viable egg
they give up their cytoplasm to nourish the 1 good egg.
polar bodies
It is the effect of crossing over
genetic variation
Cell division where daughter cells are NOT identical
Meiosis
Itis the movement of substances across thecell membraneeither into or out of the cell. Sometimes things just move through thephospholipid bilayer
Cell transport
2 categories of cell transport
passive Transport
active transport
The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Diffusion
When molecules are even throughout space
Equilibrium
Molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis works BOTH in Air and Fluids
False
Only Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion works both in air and fluids
- proteins that involved in letting certain substances in and out of cells
Channel Proteins
-proteins that cross both layers od the phospholipid bilayer
Integral Proteins
proteins that are only on the top half or bottom half of the phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral Proteins
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient. From an area of high WATER concentration to an area of lower WATER concentration
Osmosis
concentration of solute and solvent are equal
Isotonic
higher concentration of solutes
Hypertonic
water will come out of the cell thus the cell will shrink
Hypertonic
lower concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
water will come inside of the cell thus the cell will expand
Hypotonic
It is the one that dissolves
Solvent
It is the one that is being dissolved
Solute
Pressure required to present the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration of solutes to one of higher concentration by osmosis.
Osmotic Pressure
A category of cell transport that moves AGAINST a concentration agent and requires energy
Active transport
2 Types of Active Transport
Molecular Transport
Bulk Transport
Also called protein pumps
Molecular transport
The process by which cells absorb material (molecules such as proteins) from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane
Endocytosis
movement of fluids into the cell
Pinocytosis
b)movement of solids into the cell
Phagocytosis
A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters (such as hormones) from the interior of the cell.
Exocytosis
Who created the first ever compound microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Chromosomes are _ _ _
DNA
How many divisions are there in Mitosis?
1
How many divisions are there in Meiosis
2
The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy
Passive transport
