micropara part 1.2 Flashcards
parasitology part 1.2
Prevalent in Tropical and subtropical worldwide
MALARIA
Five Plasmodium spp. infect humans
- P. vivax
- P. malariae
- P. falciparum
● Most likely to be fatal - P. ovale
- P. knowlesi
48-hour cycle
● Tends to infect young cells
● Enlarged RBCs
Benign Tertian
Malaria
72-hour cycle (long
incubation period)
● Tends to infect old cells
● Normal size RBCs
Quartan Malaria
● 36-48-hour cycle
● Tends to infect any cell
regardless of age, thus very
heavy infection may result
○ The most fatal type of
plasmodium species
● All sizes of RBCs
Malignant Tertian
Malaria
include Central America west of the Panama Canal, Haiti,
and the Dominican Republic, patients can be treated with
oral chloroquine, or, alternatively, hydroxychloroquine at
recommended doses
P. falciparum or Species Not Identified — Acquired in Areas
WITHOUT Chloroquine Resistance
P. falciparum or Species Not Identified — Acquired in Areas
WITH Chloroquine Resistance
● Artemether-lumefantrine (CoartemTM), which is the
Artemether-lumefantrine (CoartemTM), which is the
preferred option if readily available, and
atovaquone-proguanil (MalaroneTM)
● Quinine sulfate plus doxycycline, tetracycline, or
clindamycin is also a treatment option.
There has been no widespread evidence of chloroquine
resistance in P. malariae and P. knowlesi species;
therefore, chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine) may still
be used for both of these infections.
P. malariae and P. knowlesi
Chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), remains an
effective choice for P. vivax and P. ovale infections
except for P. vivax infections acquired in Papua New
Guinea or Indonesia, countries with high prevalence of
chloroquine-resistant P. vivax
P. vivax and P. ovale
Pathogenic, disease-causing parasites
● Amebic dysentery, amebic abscess
Entamoeba histolytica
Round
● One to four nuclei
● Central karyosome
CYST (INFECTIVE STAGE)
Rapid and directional
motion
● One nuclei with central
karyosome
TROPHOZOITE
Commensal
● Cysts or trophozoites in stool are diagnostic
Endolimax nana
● Commensal
● Cysts or trophozoites in stool are diagnostic
Iodamoeba butschlii
Also known as G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis
● Pathogen
● Giardiasis, traveler’s diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
