micropara lec, endterm finals

Question 1

This rod-shaped bacterium can cause fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes.

Answer 1

Francisella Tularensis

Question 2

This is the most virulent subspecies and is found primarily in North America. It is associated with lethal pulmonary infections.
(francisella tularensis)

Answer 2

F. tularensis tularensis (type A):

Question 3

This subspecies is found predominantly in Europe and Asia and rarely leads to fatal disease. An attenuated live vaccine strain has been developed from this subspecies.
(francisella tularensis)

Answer 3

F. tularensis holarctica (type B):

Question 4

Gram-Negative
Facultative intracellular coccobacillus
Non-motile
Non-spore forming
Encapsulated

Answer 4

Francisella tularensis

Question 5

This subspecies is primarily found in Central Asia. It is assumed to have an intermediate virulence level between the other two subspecies.
(francisella tularensis)

Answer 5

F. tularensis mediasiatica

Question 6

Francisella tularensis - Reservoir or source

Answer 6

animal reservoir, vector, terrestrial environment

Question 7

francisella tularensis Diagnostic Tests:: can detect the DNA of Francisella tularensis in clinical specimens.
- is highly sensitive and specific and can provide rapid results. Various PCR assays have been developed targeting specific regions of the F. tularensis genome.

Answer 7

Molecular Methods (PCR)

Question 8

francisella tularensis mode of transmission

Answer 8

anthropod bites, ingestion, inhalation and direct contact

Question 9

francisella tularensis Diagnostic Tests: Isolation of Francisella tularensis from clinical specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Culturing is typically performed on samples such as blood, sputum, lymph node aspirates, or other bodily fluids or tissues.

Answer 9

culture

Question 10

francisella tularensis Diagnostic Tests: measure the presence of antibodies against Francisella tularensis in the patient’s blood. These tests include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), microagglutination assays, and immunofluorescence assays.

Answer 10

serologic tests

Question 11

Francisella Tularensis treatment: For mild - moderate cases of tularemia, or for patients who can’t tolerate aminoglycoside antibiotics, tetracyclines like doxycycline are used. Doxycycline is administered orally.

Answer 11

doxycyline

Question 11

Francisella Tularensis treatment: It is considered the first-line treatment for severe tularemia infections, particularly those involving pneumonia or systemic illness.
- is administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

Answer 11

streptomycin

Question 12

Francisella Tularensis treatment: It is another antibiotic that is effective against Francisella tularensis. It can be given intravenously or intramuscularly.

Answer 12

gentomicin

Question 13

Francisella Tularensis treatment: Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ________may also be effective against Francisella tularensis infections.
- can be given orally or intravenously.

Answer 13

ciproflaxin

Question 14

Francisella Tularensis treatment: In cases where other antibiotics cannot be used or are not available, chloramphenicol may be considered as an alternative treatment option.
- is administered orally or intravenously.

Answer 14

Chloramphenicol