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BUZZWORDS > MicroPara Buzzwords > Flashcards

MicroPara Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Micro/Para

Tinea versicolor is a cutaneous fungal infection. TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE. Superficial.

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2
Q

Micro/Para

Candida is a superficial fungal infection. TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE. Cutaneous.

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3
Q

Micro/Para

Tinea capitis is a dermatophytoses of which body region?

A

Scalp

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4
Q

Micro/Para

Superficial and cutaneous fungal infections can be visualized using which agent?

A

KOH

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5
Q

Micro/Para

Gardens are at risk for this fungal infection.

A

Sporotrichosis Other Buzzwords: necrosis/ulceration, potassium ioide

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6
Q

Micro/Para

Systemic fungal infections are treated with which antibiotics?

A

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Fluconazole

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7
Q

Micro/Para

Cryptococcus neoformans is dimorphic. TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE. It is a yeast.

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8
Q

Micro/Para

What is cryptococcosis commonly associated with in AIDS patients?

A

Meningitis

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9
Q

Micro/Para

Give two disease entities associated with candida in an immunocompromised host.

A

Esophagitis, Disseminated infection

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10
Q

Micro/Para

Candida is part of the normal skin flora. TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Micro/Para

Which fungi is associated with liver cancer?

A

Aspergillus flavus

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12
Q

Micro/Para

Which of the following fungi-like bacteria is part of the normal oral flora? A. Actinomycetes B. Nocardia

A

Actinomycetes

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13
Q

Micro/Para

What are the buzzwords associated with Actinomycetes and Nocardia?

A

Actinomycetes: sulfur granules, Nocardia: partially acid-fast

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14
Q

Micro/Para

The genetic material of a virus can be DNA, RNA, or both. TRUE or FALSE?

A

False. Either DNA or RNA only.

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15
Q

Micro/Para

What is the protein coat of a virus called?

A

Capsid

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16
Q

Micro/Para

What are the DNA viruses?

A

HHAPPPy: Herpes, Hepadna, Adeno, Papova, Parvo, Pox

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17
Q

Micro/Para

What is the only single-stranded DNA virus?

A

Parvovirus (the pervert, is also NAKED) Other Buzzwords: erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, slapped cheek appearance

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18
Q

Micro/Para

What are the negative strand, enveloped viruses?

A

Orthodox Rabbis Party Around Fine Bunnies (Ortho, Rhabdo, Paramyxo, Arena, Filo, Bunya)

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19
Q

Micro/Para

Which viruses belong to the Picorna family?

A

PECoRNA (Polio, Echo, Coxachie, Rhino, eNtero, A-hepa)

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20
Q

Micro/Para

Which virus is the only double-stranded, naked virus?

A

Reo

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21
Q

Micro/Para

Which virus is bullet-shaped?

A

Rabies

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22
Q

Micro/Para

Which viruses belong to the Paramyxo family?

A

PaRaMyxO (Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles virus, Orchitis virus/ mumps)

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23
Q

Micro/Para

The common flu is caused by which family of viruses?

A

Orthomyxo

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24
Q

Micro/Para

Hemagglutinin is to ___ a ___ as ___b___ is to mucin.

A

A. Sialic acid B. Neuraminidase

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25
Q

Micro/Para

What stran is the 1997 avian influenza virus?

A

H5 N1

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26
Q

Micro/Para

What disease is associated with aspirin and influenza?

A

Reye’s syndrome Other Buzzwords: encephalopathy, liver damage

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27
Q

Micro/Para

Paramyxoviridae (RSV) possess F1 proteins, causing which characteristic histologic finding?

A

Multinucleated giant cells (syncitial cells)

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28
Q

Micro/Para

Parainfluenza causes which type of disease?

A

Croup Other Buzzwords: barking cough, seal

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29
Q

Micro/Para

What type of vaccine is used in MMR?

A

Live attenuated

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30
Q

Micro/Para

What is the pattern of measles infection?

A

10 days incubation, 3 prodrome, 2 Koplick spots, 6 rash, head to toe

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31
Q

Micro/Para

What is the complication of measles involving the CNS

A

SSPE

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32
Q

Micro/Para

Which hepatitis virus is a DNA virus?

A

HBV

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33
Q

Micro/Para

What is the expected rise in ALT/ AST with viral hepatitis?

A

Increase

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34
Q

Micro/Para

How about Alk Pos?

A

Increase (slight, also delayed)

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35
Q

Micro/Para

Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted via fecal-oral route?

A

HAV. HEV

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36
Q

Micro/Para

Infectivity of HBV is related to titers of which of the following? A. HBsAg B. Anti-HBcAg C. Anti-HBsAg D. HBeAg

A

D. HBeAg (Enfectivity!!!)

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37
Q

Micro/Para

Length of HBV infection is related totiters of which of the following? A. HBsAg B. Anti-HBcAg C. Anti-HBsAg D. HBeAg

A

B. Anti-HBcAg Chronicity! IgM - momentarily here, IgG - going on for some time

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38
Q

Micro/Para

Which hepatitis virus is associated with HBV?

A

HDV

39
Q

Micro/Para

Which hepatitis virus is associated with mortality in pregnancy?

A

HEV

40
Q

Micro/Para

Give two examples of retrovirus.

A

HIV, HTLV

41
Q

Micro/Para

What are the three enzymescontained inside an HIV virion?

A

RIP (Reverse transcriptase, Integrase, Protease)

42
Q

Micro/Para

What are the three genes contained in the HIV genome?

A

PEG (Pol, Env, Gag)

43
Q

Micro/Para

What are the three regulatory genes in the HIV genome?

A

Tat, Rev, Nef

44
Q

Micro/Para

What are the major surface proteins of HIV?

A

gp 120, gp 41 (p24 - caspid)

45
Q

Micro/Para

Which cell is affected by HIV? A. CD4+ B. CD8+

A

A. CD4+

46
Q

Micro/Para

What is the magic cut-off number of T-cell count for AIDS?

A

200 cells/mL

47
Q

Micro/Para

Which infections are common when CD4+ levels just dip below 400?

A

Oral thrush, herpes zoster, TB

48
Q

Micro/Para

How about when full-blown AIDS occurs (CD4+ < 200)?

A

PCP (pneumonia)

49
Q

Micro/Para

… when CD4+ < 100?

A

Toxoplasma (mass effect), Cryptococcus (meningitis)

50
Q

Micro/Para

… and when CD4+ < 50?

A

Disseminated MAI (and finally CMV)

51
Q

Micro/Para

which malignancies are associated with HIV-AIDS?

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8), B-cell lymphoma

52
Q

Micro/Para

What diagnostic test is confirmatory for HIV infection?

A

Western blot (ELISA is for screening)

53
Q

Micro/Para

HSV-1 is to ___a___ as HSV-2 is to ___b___.

A

A. Gingivostomatitis, Encephalitis, Keratitis B. Genital herpes

54
Q

Micro/Para

What disease is caused by reactivation of latent VSV?

A

Shingles Other Buzword: dermatomal, dorsal root ganglion, herpes-zoster, acyclovir, ultra painful/ sensitive

55
Q

Micro/Para

What does TORCHES stand for?

A

Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Herpes, HIV, Syphilis

56
Q

Micro/Para

CMV is associated with which risk factor/ disease?

A

Bone marrow transplant, AIDS

57
Q

Micro/Para

Mononucleosis is associatd with which virus?

A

EBV Other Buzzwords: kissing disease, B-cell lymphoma

58
Q

Micro/Para

Which STD is caused by a pox virus?

A

Molluscum contagiosum Other Buzzwords: dome-shaped, dimpled

59
Q

Micro/Para

Which virus is responsible for cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16 (curious pa), 18 (legal na), 31 (kasal na), 45 (huling hirit!)

60
Q

Micro/Para

What is the other term for Rubella?

A

German measles

61
Q

Micro/Para

Flavaviruses cause which diseases?

A

Yellow Fever, Dengue fever (Aedes!)

62
Q

Micro/Para

Polio is transmitted via fecal-oral route. TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

63
Q

Micro/Para

What is the difference between Salk and Sabin polio vaccines?

A

Salk: formalin-killed, SubQ; Sabin: live attenuated, oral

64
Q

Micro/Para

Which viruses are most commonly culprit of the common cold?

A

Rhino and Corona

65
Q

Micro/Para

What is the difference between Coxackie A and B?

A

A (above neck! Herpangina), B (below neck! Pleurodynia, Myo/ pericarditis)

66
Q

Micro/Para

Negri bodies can be ound in which compartment of cell infected with which virus?

A

Cytoplasm, Rabies virus

67
Q

Micro/Para

Filoviridae is famous for causing an epidemic of which disease?

A

Ebola

68
Q

Micro/Para

What are the two common forms of protozoa?

A

Cysts (dormant), Trophozoite (motile)

69
Q

Micro/Para

Entamoeba hystolitica causes water diarrhea. TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE, bloody

70
Q

Micro/Para

Giardia lamblia is associated with what type of diarrhea?

A

Watery, foul-smelling, Steatorrheic stools

71
Q

Micro/Para

What protozoan is associated with an STD?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

72
Q

Micro/Para

Which antibiotic is used to treat Naegleria infection?

A

Amphotericin B

73
Q

Micro/Para

Differentiate two disease causing free-living protozoans?

A

Naegleria: acute, PAM; Acanthamoeba: subacute, GAE

74
Q

Micro/Para

Toxoplasmosis commonly affects which 2 organs?

A

Brain (mass lesion), Eyes (retina)

75
Q

Micro/Para

What is the characteristic fever pattern of the different Plasmodium species?

A

P. falciparum: 24-28hrs, P. vivax: 48hrs, P. ovale: 48hrs, P. malariae: 72hrs

76
Q

Micro/Para

Which Plasmodium species feared fr its complications?

A

P. falciparum

77
Q

Micro/Para

Which Plasmodium species is/ are associated with malarial relapse?

A

P. vivax/ ovale Other Buzzwords: Hypnozoites, Primaquine

78
Q

Micro/Para

What are the vectors of the blood-borne flagellates?

A

Leishmania: sandfly, Trypanozoma brucei: tsetse fly, Trypanosoma cruzi: reduviid/ assassin bug

79
Q

Micro/Para

What are the other common names for the blood-borne flagellate diseases?

A

Leishmania: kala-azar, Trypanozoma brucei: African sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma cruzi: Chagas

80
Q

Micro/Para

What is the buzzword for Chagas disease?

A

Caused by Tom Cruzi, who played an assasin in MI, wearing niFURtimox and driving a mercedes-Benznidazole

81
Q

Micro/Para

What are the 3 most important soil-tramitted helminths?

A

Ascaris, Trichuris, Hookworms

82
Q

Micro/Para

Which of the parasitic worms have a lung phase?

A

Ascaris, Hookworm, Strongyloides

83
Q

Micro/Para

What are the common names of the different parasitic worms?

A

Ascaris: giant roundworm, Trichuris: whipworm, Enterobius: pinworm, Paragonimus: lung fluke, Shistosoma: blood fluke, Clomorchis/ Fasciola: liver fluke

84
Q

Micro/Para

Which of the parasitic worms are capable of autoinfection?

A

Strongyloides, Capillaria, Hymenolepis nana

85
Q

Micro/Para

Which of the parasitic worms infect by skin penetration?

A

Hookworm, Strongyloides

86
Q

Micro/Para

Nocturnal periodicity is characteristic of which parasite?

A

Elephantiasis (microfilariae)

87
Q

Micro/Para

Whati is the infective stage of Schistosoma?

A

Cercaria

88
Q

Micro/Para

Taenia Solium is to_a_ as T. saginatta is to_b_ as Diphyllobothrium latum is to _c_

A

a. Pork, B. Beef, C. Fish

89
Q

Micro/Para

Whish among the 3 flatworms above is capable of causing a neurologic disease?

A

T. solium( neurocyticercosis)

90
Q

Micro/Para

Hydatid disease is caused by which organism?

A

Echinococcus granulosis/multilocularis

91
Q

Micro/Para

What is the basic guide in treatment of common parasitic disease?

A

Roundworms: Albendazole/mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate; Flatworms/Flukes: praziquantel,niclosamide

92
Q

Micro/Para

What are the special test associated with specific parasites?

A

Many parasites: fecalysis; Malaria: PBS; Enterobius: scotch tape test

93
Q

Micro/Para

what are intermediate hosts of specific parasites?

A

T. solium: pig; T saginatta: cow; D. latum: fish; Echinococcus: sheep/dog; Paragonismus: crabs; Capillaria: fish, shrimp, crabs; Schistosoma: snail

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