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Module 5 > Microorganisms and drugs > Flashcards

Microorganisms and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of pneumonia: strep pneumoniae

A

Typical gram positive

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2
Q

Staphylococcal aureus is a typical or atypical cause of pneumonia

A

Typical, gram positive

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3
Q

Is beta haemolytic strep a typical or atypical cause of pneumonia?

A

Typical, gram positive

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4
Q

Viridans group strep, typical or atypical pneumonia ?

A

Typical, gram positive

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5
Q

Is pseudomonas a typical or atypical pneumonia?

A

Typical, gram negative

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6
Q

Is klebsiella a typical or atypical pneumonia?

A

Typical, gram negative

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7
Q

Is E.coli a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Typical gram negative

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8
Q

Is haemophilus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Typical, gram negative

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9
Q

Is Enterobacter a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Typical, gram negative

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10
Q

Is Is Mycoplasma a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical bacteria

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11
Q

Is Chlamydia a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical bacteria

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12
Q

Is Legionella a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical bacteria

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13
Q

How is legionella commonly caught?

A

Poor air conditioning in foreign countries

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14
Q

Is Infleunza A/B a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical virus

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15
Q

Is Parainfluenza a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical virus

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16
Q

Is Adenovirus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical virus

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17
Q

Is respiratory syncytial virus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

A

Atypical virus, most commonly in childhood

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18
Q

Pneumonia in HIV patients is most commonly caused by

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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19
Q

Atypical causes of pneumonia in patients with HIV

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burnetti and legionella.

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20
Q

PCP stands for

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

21
Q

Most common opportunistic infection in people who get AIDS

A

PCP/ PJP

22
Q

Beta-lactams mechanism of action

A

Inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - prevents cross linking so cell walls do not contain cell contents

23
Q

Types of betalactam

A

Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

24
Q

Vancomycin mechanism of action

A

Inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. Also alters cell membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. Active against gram negative bacteria

25
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action

A

Irreversibly bind to 30S ribosomal proteins

26
Q

Tetracyclines mechanism of action

A

Block tRNA binding to 30S ribosome-mRNA complex

27
Q

Example of an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

28
Q

Mechanism of action of macrolides

A

Reversibly bind to 50s ribosome, blocking peptide elongation

29
Q

Example of a macrolide

A

Clarithromycin

30
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Binds to 50S subunit blocking peptide elongation

31
Q

Clindamycin

A

Binds to 50S ribosome subunit, inhibits a transferase enzyme, blocking peptide elongation

32
Q

Mechanism of polymyxins

A

Increase membrane permeability causing cytoplasmic leaking; killing the cell

33
Q

Quinolones mechanism of action

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase, stopping nucleic acid synthesis

34
Q

Rifampin mechanism of action

A

Binds to RNA polymerase inhibiting initiation of RNA synthesis

35
Q

Trimethoprim mechanism of action

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing synthesis of folic acid

36
Q

Sulphonamides mechanism of action

A

Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, prevents synthesis of folic acid

37
Q

Diphtheria antibiotics

A

Erythromycin, penicillin and anti toxins

38
Q

Legionnaires disease antibiotic

A

Flouroquinolones, macrolides

39
Q

Whooping cough antibiotics

A

Macrolides

40
Q

Q fever (caught from cattle and sheep) antibiotics

A

Doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine

41
Q

Scarlet fever antibiotics

A

b-lactams

42
Q

TB antibiotics

A

RIPE. Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

43
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic

A

Usually penicillin - amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin

44
Q

Haemophilus influenzae antibiotic

A

Usually amoxicillin (10% are resistant) so use co-amixiclav/doxycycline/trimethoprim

45
Q

Staphylococcal pneumonia antibiotic

A

Usually sensitive to flucloxocillin, co-amoxiclav, cefurozime

46
Q

Atypical bacteria antibiotics: mycoplasma, chlamydophila, legionella

A

Not sensitive to penicillins, treat with tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics

47
Q

Influenza A or B antibiotics

A

Oseltamivir/ Zanamivir

48
Q

Herpes simplex virus drug

A

Aciclovir

49
Q

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

A

Ribavirin

Module 5 (6 decks)

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