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Nutrition > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin function

A

precursor of enzyme cofactors, anti-oxidants

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2
Q

Trace element function

A

enzyme cofactors, components of hormones/proteins, redox reactions

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3
Q

What is niacin?

A

vitamin B3

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4
Q

biochemical use of niacin

A

precursor of nicotinamide
part of coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+
50% synthesised in the body from tryptophan

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5
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

pellagra

dermatitis, diarrhoea, delirium

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6
Q

Niacin consumed from

A

avocado, mushrooms, peanuts, sunflower seeds, tuna

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7
Q

Niacin functions

A

energy production, psychological functions, skin maintenance, DNA repair

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8
Q

Niacin requirements

A

16 mg/day men

14 mg/day women

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9
Q

What is riboflavin?

A

vitamin B2

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10
Q

biochemical use of riboflavin

A

precursor of FAD and FMN

used in MAO, ETC, succinate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

riboflavin deficiency

A

relatively minor consequences

angular stomatitis, cherilosis, anaemia, might affect vision

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12
Q

absorption of riboflavin

A

actively, through sodium dependent mechanisms

free riboflavin taken into erythrocytes

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13
Q

riboflavin consumed from

A

almonds, mushrooms, spinach, asparagus, broccoli

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14
Q

functions of riboflavin

A

energy production, fat and protein metabolism, normal vision, antioxidant

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15
Q

riboflavin requirements

A

1.3mg/day for men, 1.1 mg/day for women

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16
Q

what is pyridoxine?

A

vitamin b6

17
Q

biochemical function of pyridoxine

A

component of pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme important to the metabolism of aa or substrates containing nitrogen
synthesis of neurotransmitters, GABA, seratonin, dopamine, adrenaline, haeme

18
Q

pyridoxine deficiency

A

seizures

anaemia

19
Q

pyridoxine consumed from

A

sunflower seeds, tuna, banana, avocado, spinach

20
Q

pyridoxine daily requirement

A

1.3 mg/day for men, 1.1 mg/day women

21
Q

pyridoxine functions

A

brain development, body clock regulation, haemoglobin synthesis, antibody production

22
Q

what is thiamine?

A

vitamin b1

23
Q

biochemical function of thiamine

A

precursor of thiamine pyrophosphate, cofactor in alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase

24
Q

thiamine consumed from

A

wholewheat bread, brown rice, peas, pine puts, pork, eggs

25
Q

thiamine requirements

A

1.2-2.1 mg/day

26
Q

thiamine functions

A

brain functions, muscle growth, bone growth, supports the muscle tone fo the digestive tract

27
Q

thiamine deficiency

A

beriberi

swelling of hands/legs, weight loss, depression, nausea, diarrhoea

28
Q

what is cobalamin?

A

vitamin b12

29
Q

deficiency of cobalamin

A

pernicious anaemia
numbness in peripheral nerves
high levels of odd chain FA in tissues

30
Q

cobalamin biochemical functions

A

required for healthy nerve tissue, brain function and red blood cell production
cofactor in DNA synthesis, fatty acid and aa metabolism

31
Q

foods with cobalamin

A

beef, liver, fish, meat, dairy, breakfast cereals fortified with vitamin b12

32
Q

what is folate (folic acid)

A

vitamin b9

33
Q

biochemical function

A

one carbon transfer, eg. in purine and pyrimidine synthesis

34
Q

folate consumed from

A

lentils, spinach, asparagus, papaya, avocado

can’t be made by the body

35
Q

folate functions

A

proper brain function, DNA and RNA repair, blood cells production, healthy foetal development

36
Q

folate deficiency

A

uncommon, most likely to get secondary to pregnancy

can cause haemolytic anaemia

37
Q

uses of folate

A

chemotherapeutic agents, anti-cancer therapy, antibiotics and anti-malaria treatments

38
Q

folate and pregnancy

A

taken pre conception to decrease risk of neural tube defects
taken late in pregnancy prevents megaloblastic anaemia

39
Q

daily requirement

A

400 mcg/day

Nutrition (3 decks)

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