microlabfin. Flashcards
fast acid stain
a stain for bacteria with waxy cell walls
gram stain
a stain that differentiates bacteria chemical composition cell wall types
agar
A gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed that gives a culture medium its semisolid consistency.
aerobe
bacteria that grows best in the presence of oxygen
bacillus
rod shaped bacteria
coccus
spherical, round, ovoid shaped bacteria
spirillium
spiral shaped bacteria
colony
distinct group of microorganisim visible to the naked eye, on the surface of a culture medium
culture
to place a sample of specimen in or on a substance that allows it to grow so that the particular micro organism can be identified
culture and sensitivity
to culture a specimen and testing the isolated bacteria’s sensitivity to different antibiotics to determine which one would be best suited for treatment of infection
etiologic agent
a living microorganism or its toxin that may harm the human
facultative
able to grow and adapt in environments with or without oxygen,
gram-negative
when a bacteria loses the purple color after a decolorizer is added to the gram stain
gram positive
when bacteria remains purple after hte decolorizer has been added to the gram stain
KOH mount
mount used when Dr. suspects a fungal infection of the hair, skin, or nails, and ti which potassium hydroxide is added to dissolve the cell wall
mordant
a substance, such as iodine that intensifies or deepens the response a specimen has to a stain
stain
in microbiology a solution of a dye or group of dyes the imparts a color to an microorganism
vibrio
a comma shaped bacterium
wet mount
the prepping of a specimen in a liquid solution that allows them to remain alive and mobile while being observed and identified
Microbiology
is the study of microorganisms
prions
are pathogenic particles of protein that have no nucleic acid and are very small
viruses
are RNA or DNA coated in protein and are very small, and repoduce in living cells, and are acellular
Bacteria
are single celled, asexual and reproduce very quickly, prokaryotes
protozoans
are single celled asexual and reproduce fast, eukaryotes
fungi
reproduce sexually and asexually, and are multicellular
helminths
multicellular, parasitic and has specialized organs
helper T cells
wbc that are key components in the immune system response and coordinate with other WBC to combat infection
progression of AIDS
initial infection,
incubation period
full blown aids
AIDS threshold
200 or fewer helper t cells
Confirmation blood tests for AIDS
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA()
western blot test
immunoflourescent antibody test (IFA)
what are the treatment goals for AIDS patients?
increasing the time between infection and symptomatic disease(aids)
improving the quality of life for those diagnosed with AIDS
Reducing transmission of HIV to uninfected persons
Reducing maternal-infant transmission
Reducing the number of HIV-related deaths
HIV/AIDS treatment is limited during pregnancy to how many ART druggs
1 drug
starting therapy is immediate if the PT HAS
a cd4 t cell count of 200 or less, and severe symptoms (aids diagnosis)
hepatitis
is a viral infection of the liver, that can lead to cirrhosis and death
Hepatitis A
is contagious through oral and fecal contamination, and is has a recovery rate of 99 %
Hepatitis B
has a vaccine is the most commonly contracted for healthcare workers, and it can leave cirrhosis and can lead to liver cancer, or death, it can be cured but some people will have the pathogen for the rest of their lives, and prevention is key
Hepatitis C
is not cureable, and is very most lethal, it has no symptoms until it begans replicating a lot and causes serious damage to the liver, and can kill. its immediate symptoms are flu-like, but there is no real effective treatment
hepatitis D
occurs in people already infected with HBV and worsens the HBV symptoms, and can cause liver failure or cancer, HBV vaccine also prevents delta agent hep.
hepatitis E
contracted through fecal oral route, so contaminated water supply is a problem, it is an acute infection, that can kill pregnant women
stages of hepatitis B and C?
prodromal stage - malaise, and vomiting, nausea or no symptoms
icteric stage- jaundice and yellow excretions through the eyes, nose, mucous,
convalescent stage- occurs for 2/3 weeks as the acute infection abates
