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Microevolution Flashcards

1
Q

How are the caribou’s antlers a good indicator of success? Big antlers mean the male

  1. spends time grooming
  2. has good alleles to grow big antlers
  3. belongs to a large population
  4. has avoided dangerous areas
  5. eats well, is healthy & disease-free
A
  1. Eats well, is healthy & disease-free
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2
Q

Gene flow describes…

  1. the plasticity of the gene pool
  2. how genetic differences in individuals change after several generations
  3. the net movement of alleles from one population to another by individual migration
  4. the frequency of alleles changes based on the selective pressure of the environment
  5. the genetic diversity in a population from one generation to the next
A
  1. The net movement of alleles from one population to another by individual migration
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3
Q

Artificial selection is controlled by…

  1. finding average traits
  2. human choices
  3. random events
  4. medical technologies
  5. random breeding of mates
A
  1. human choices
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4
Q

What are the 5 fingers of evolution? What does each finger describe?

A

pinky = small population
ring = non-random mating
middle = no mutations
pointer = gene flow
thumb = no natural selection

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5
Q

Selective breeding has produced many distinct characteristics in various

  1. The Labrador retriever has a short coat
  2. The pug has a flat, pushed-in face
  3. The German shepherd has upright ears
  4. The husky can pull a cart or sled
  5. The beagle is an energetic dog that likes lots of exercise

Selective breeding has produced many distinct characteristics in various dog breeds. Which of the following traits could have a negative impact on the health of the dog?

A
  1. The pug has a flat, pushed in face
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6
Q

Populations are most successful when…

  1. individuals can evolve in response to environmental factors
  2. there is a high level of genetic variation in the population
  3. populations migrate
  4. a population is established to a specific territory
  5. some individuals travel great distances for a territory
A
  1. there is a high level of genetic variation in the population
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7
Q

What is a gene pool?

  1. all the alleles of all the genes of each individual in a population of a species
  2. all of the parental genes that might be passed on the next generation
  3. the alleles that get passed on from parents to offspring
  4. the collection of genes in one generation
  5. all of the characteristics that describe the variation in a population
A
  1. all the alleles of all the genes of each individual in a population of a species
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8
Q

Which term describes changes to allele frequency as a result of chance?

  1. coevolution
  2. genetic bottleneck
  3. genetic drift
  4. speciation
A
  1. Genetic drift
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9
Q

A wolf travels a great distance to select a mate based on physical and b

  1. directional selection
  2. the founder effect
  3. artificial selection
  4. mating drift
  5. non-random mating

A wolf travels a great distance to select a mate based on physical and behavioural traits.
This is an example of…

A
  1. non-random mating
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10
Q

Non-random mating…

  1. increases the frequency of a small number of traits
  2. eliminates bad recessive genes from the population
  3. leads to a uniform population
  4. helps increase the size of a population
  5. helps increase the genetic diversity of a population
A
  1. helps increase the genetic diversity of a population
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11
Q

How does mutation change allele frequency in a population?

  1. New alleles are added to the mix
  2. This allows new individuals into a population
  3. Few of the offspring survive
  4. Alleles are lost from the population
  5. Many genes change all at once
A
  1. New alleles are added to the mix
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12
Q

What is the lasting impact of the bottleneck effect on a species?

  1. Mating is no longer random
  2. Genetic diversity is low
  3. Mutation rates are low
  4. Populations can never recover
  5. all of the above
A
  1. Genetic diversity is low
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13
Q

Inbreeding can lead to problems such as…

  1. low fertility rates
  2. long life span
  3. unexpected mutations
  4. increased variety of phenotype
A
  1. low fertility rates
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14
Q

The founder effect involves…

  1. random mating
  2. a few individuals
  3. preferred phenotypes
  4. small populations
  5. rapid mutation rates
A
  1. a few individuals
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15
Q

Which statement is the least useful to describe drug resistance in bacte

  1. Reducing drug use can limit the population change
  2. The population changes, not the individual
  3. Drugs act as a force that selects individuals in a population
  4. The individual changes, thus changing the population
  5. Populations change when individuals die

Which statement is the least useful to describe drug resistance in bacteria?

A
  1. The individual changes, thus changing the population
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16
Q

Which term describes a dramatic, often temporary, reduction in populatio

  1. speciation
  2. microevolution
  3. genetic bottleneck
  4. macroevolution

Which term describes a dramatic, often temporary, reduction in population size, usually resulting in significant genetic drift? (brainscape is a cuck)

A
  1. genetic bottleneck
17
Q

Which population is likely to experience genetic drift?

  1. a small population
  2. one where environmental conditions select for particular phenotypes
  3. one in which mutations are common
  4. one in which females determine phenotype preference
  5. a population that migrates annually
A
  1. a small population
18
Q

The founder effect occurs frequently…

  1. in large gene pools
  2. as a result of inbreeding
  3. on islands
  4. with large, diverse populations
  5. where mutations are common
A
  1. on islands
19
Q

Which of these statements does not describe a long-term consequence of t

  1. extinction
  2. higher than normal mortality rates when facing an epidemic
  3. increased reproductive capacity
  4. traits disappear by random change (genetic drift)
  5. all of the above

Which of these statements does not describe a long-term consequence of the bottleneck effect?

A
  1. increased reproductive capacity
20
Q

Which of these is an example of the founder effect?

  1. Finches from Ecuador arrived in the Galapagos
  2. Emperor penguins walk to a breeding site
  3. People from around the world emigrate to Canada
  4. Barren land caribou arrive in Alaska for calving
  5. all of the above
A
  1. Finches from ecuador arrived in the Galapagos
21
Q

Genetic drift is…

  1. random
  2. a way to increase genetic diversity
  3. a trend toward genetic diversity
  4. directed by selective pressure
  5. a measure of fertility rates
22
Q

define Geographic variation

A

How different the genetic information is between species who inhabit different areas.

Freaky Chung’s definition: results from differences in genetic structure either between populations or between subgroups of a single population that inhabit different areas.

23
Q

How does balanced polymorphism maintain genetic diversity?

How does balanced polymorphism maintain genetic diversity in a population?

A

Natural selection

24
Q

Heterozygote advantage is a mechanism in…

(hint, it uses natural selection to maintain genetic diversity)

A

balanced polymorphism

25
Q

How does sickle cell anemia represent heterozygote advantage?

A

people with the heterozygous trait can have the benefits of sickle cell anemia but not suffer the downsides.

Microevolution (2 decks)

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