Microbiome

Question 1

What are mutualists

Answer 1

A symbiotic relationship where both members benefit

Question 2

What are commensalists

Answer 2

A symbiotic relationship where one member benefits but the other is not affected

Question 3

Difference between resident and transient microbiota

Answer 3

Resident microbiota are present from birth, whereas transient microbiota come and go depending on conditions

Question 4

Microbiota of the skin

Answer 4

Halophiles may favour due to high salt concentrations.

pH of 4-6.

Gram negative bacteria live in moister areas.

Examples include Staphylococcus epidermis, P. acnes, Micrococcus.

Question 6

Microbiota of the respiratory tract

Answer 6

Usually bacteria are found in the upper tract and not the lower.

Nares (nostrils) - Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus

Nasopharynx - Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 7

Microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 7

Glycocalyx provides attachment of bacteria to form biofilms.

Bacteria include Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Enterococcus.

Question 8

Microbiota of the mouth

Answer 8

Saliva contains lysozyme.

Streptococcus mutans secretes plaque that’s provides a habitat for other bacteria meaning anaerobic conditions. This leads to fermentation, tooth decay, gingivitis and periodontal disease.

Question 9

Microbiota of the urinary tract

Answer 9

Normally sterile (except urethra).

In males, corynebacterium are sometimes present. Less common in males because of anatomy.

In females, corynebacterium, streptococcus and lactobacillus are sometimes present.

Question 10

Microbiota of the eye

Answer 10

Conjunctiva kept moist from lachrymal gland secretions (tears). Also contains lysozyme.

Bacteria include Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae