Gastrointestinal Infections Flashcards
Difference between an infection and intoxication
Infection has slow onset of symptoms, intoxication has quick onset of symptoms
Bacterial food poisoning
Type, pathogen, virulence, symptoms, treatment
Intoxication - onset in 1-6hrs
Pathogen: S.aureus (Gram+)
Virulence: 5 enterotoxins
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
Treatment: fluid/electrolyte replacement by rehydration therapy
Salmonella
Type, pathogen, virulence, symptoms, prevention, mechanism
Infection - incubation for 12-36hrs
Pathogen: Salmonella enteriditis/typhimurium (Gram- facultative anaerobe bacilli)
Virulence: enterotoxins
Symptoms: fever, nausea, diarrhoea
Prevention: hygiene, segregation of raw and cooked meat
Salmonella endocytosis into epithelial cells in small intestine, multiplies, destroys cell and enters bloodstream.
Bacterial Gastroenteritis - Campylobacter diarrhoea
Type, pathogen, virulence, symptoms
Infection
Pathogen: Campylobacter jejuni (Gram-)
Virulence: adhesins, endotoxins, cytotoxins
Symptoms: diarrhoea, vomiting, fever. Most cases resolve without treatment
Cryptosporidiosis
Type, pathogen, transmission, symptoms, treatment
Infection - parasite
Pathogen: Cryptosporidium parvum
Transmission: drinking contaminated water
Symptoms: watery diarrhoea
Treatment: fluid/electrolyte treatment
Tapeworm
Pathogen (pork/beef), symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Pathogen: Taenia (saginata - beef, solium- pork)
Symptoms: usually asymptomatic, but can cause nausea and weight loss
Diagnosis: proglottids in faecal sample
Treatment: niclosamide, praziquantel
Cholera
Pathogen, where it grows, virulence, what it does, symptoms, treatment
Pathogen: Vibrio cholerae (Gram-) grows in small intestine
Virulence: enterotoxin
Secretion of chlorides, bicarbonates and water (20litres per day)
Symptoms: diarrhoea (rice water stools), dehydration, shock, death
Treatment: tetracycline or rehydration therapy
